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CHAMBERS AND INTERNAL FEATURES OF HEART At the end of the lecture the student should know the following Chambers of the heart • Internal structures of the heart • Valves of the heart • Heart • • • • Heart is a muscular organ. Lies between the lungs in the middle mediastinum One-third is on the right Two third in the left Chambers of heart • • • • • • • Divided by septa into right and left halves Subdivided into atrium and ventricle So the heart has four chambers Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle Valves Valves are flaps of tissue that stop blood flowing backwards • They are two kinds The first kind is the massive atrioventricular valves, (AV valves) that prevent blood in the ventricles from flowing back into the atria. • The flaps of these valves are attached to the walls of the ventricles by tendons – chordae tendinae • The second kind of valve is pocket shaped flaps of tissue called the semilunar (half moon) valves • They are called the pulmonary and aortic valves and found at the entrance of the pulmonary artery and aorta respectively • Right atrium • Larger than left • 57c.c capacity • Consists of 2 parts Main cavity called sinus venarum Anterior small portion called auricular Openings of right atrium • Superior vena cava Has no valve • Inferior vena cava Eustachian valve • Coronary sinus Btw the opening of inf. vena cava and AV opening Has a valve • Foramina venarum Orifices of minute veins • AtrioVentricular opening Valves of right atrium • Valve of inferior vena cava Semilunar valve • Valve of coronary sinus Semicircular fold • Fossa ovalis Oval depression on the septal wall of the atrium • Tricuspid valve Between the right atrium and right ventricle Right ventricle • • 85c.c capacity • Extends from right atrium to near the apex of the heart • Inferior border rests on diaphragm • Anterosuperior surface is post sternal • Interventricular septum makes the Posterior surface .Openings of right ventricle • Right atrioventricular orifice Communication between right atrium and ventricle 4cm diameter Has a tricuspid valve • Pulmonary orifice Circular in form Guarded by the pulmonary semilunar valves Valves of right ventricle • Tricuspid valve Has 3 triangular cusps: Anterior or Infundibular cusp Posterior or Marginal cusp Medial or Septal cusp • Pulmonary valve 3 in number Attached to the wall of artery at the junction of artery and ventricle --------------------XXXXXXXXX---------------------