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MEDFORD SCHOOL DISTRICT 549C 815 S. OAKDALE AVE MEDFORD, OR 97501 Parent Resources 541.842.3628 SPECIAL POINTS OF INTEREST: History of positive reinforcement Reinforcers Extinction Satiation Beginning positive reinforcement in the home PARENTING RESOURCES: nichcy.org Love & Logic Positive Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement is a technique used by Parents and Caregivers to modify their children's behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors. This technique has proven effective for parents, teachers, coaches, leaders, and anyone responsible for a child or group of children. The fact that it does not use pain, punishment, intimidation, yelling, degradation, humiliation, shame, guilt or other things that can hurt the child, their self-esteem, emotional growth, well-being or their relationship with parent or caregiver has made positive reinforcement popular around the world and used in many classrooms. Positive Reinforcement is a familiar enough term in modern society. It is a method of behavior modification, can be effective with children of different ages, and can be set up to be used with groups of different aged children at the same time. Positive Reinforcement For Children: Positive reinforcement is when you add a result that the child finds pleasant, such as extra time reading or hanging out with a friend. This added reinforcement increases the likelihood of a child repeating the desired behavior, such as using their words to solve a problem instead of hitting. Page 1 History: Positive Reinforcement was pioneered by such giants in the field of psychology as Ivan Pavlov, Edward L. Thorndike, John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. Pavlov is familiar for his experiments with dogs salivating when hearing a bell which they had been conditioned to associate with food. His work uncovered what came to be known as classical conditioning. Although many other people before and since have contributed to our understanding of Positive Reinforcement, no one has done more to bring it to the forefront of the modern consciousness than B. F. Skinner. Skinner coined the term operant conditioning and did extensive work on its components including and especially Positive Reinforcement. Reinforcers: When the desired behavior is done by the child, a reward known as a reinforcer is presented to the child. Reinforcers are anything that motivate the child in question and can range from tangible items to pleasurable activities or social recognition. MEDFORD SCHOOL DISTRICT 549C 815 S. OAKDALE AVE MEDFORD, OR 97501 Parent Resources 541.842.3628 Positive Reinforcement Ineffective Parenting Techniques: False threats and bluffs Bribes Yelling Spanking Threats Counting to three Guilt Permissive parenting Ignoring Lectures Withholding love Arguing Nagging Micromanaging Humiliation Extinction and Satiation: Extinction refers to a decrease in the likelihood that a behavior is going to occur based on reinforcers having been removed. Extinction can be seen when a child stops throwing tantrums when the parent wises up and stops giving into their demands (the reinforcer). If the child stops getting their way, the tantrums will stop, or at the very least, decrease. Page 2 Satiation is when the same reinforcer is repeatedly used to the point where it loses some or all of its motivational effect. We may love ice cream and get excited when someone offers us a bowl, but if you ate a bowl for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, you would soon tire of it and not nearly as excited at the next announcement of another bowl. Beginning Positive Reinforcement: Creating your own positive reinforcement system in the home will take time…be patient with yourself and your child as you work to shape their behavior. Remember to be consistent and make changes as needed. Prepare your plan ahead of time. Discuss rules and expectations with your child during a calm or quiet time. Explain why rules are necessary so your child can understand where the rules are coming from; this understanding may help them follow the rules! If you find yourself stuck for ideas, remember to ask for help. Your child’s teacher would be a great resource to problem-solve when it comes to positive reinforcement.