Download STUDY OF PERSONALITY

CH. 6 “LEARNING”
OPERANT CONDITIONING
STUDY OF PERSONALITY
1.
READ PAGES 135-144
2.
Use the word bank below to fill in the sentences.
positive reinforcers
reinforcement
fixed interval
punishments
operant conditioning
shaping
negative reinforcers
continuous reinforcement
fixed ratio
variable ratio
variable interval
partial reinforcement
rewards
primary reinforcers
operants
extinction
secondary reinforcers
programmed learning
a.
___________________________________ learning based on the consequences of actions.
b.
Complex tasks are broken down into simple steps, each of which is reinforced. ____________________________
c.
Reinforcing small steps toward the behavioral goals. _____________________________________
d.
Reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of correct responses. ___________________________________
e.
A stimulus that increases the frequency of the response. _____________________________________
f.
_____________________ require you to “get inside the head” of an organism.
g.
Examples include food, water, adequate warmth, and avoidance of pain. _________________________________
h.
Every correct response is reinforced. __________________________________
i.
Increase the probability that an operant will occur when they are applied. ________________________________
j.
Varying amounts of time are allowed to elapse between making reinforcement available. ____________________
k.
Also called conditioned reinforcer. ___________________________________
l.
Increase the probability that an operant (behavior) will occur when they are removed. _______________________
m. Reinforcement is provided after a variable number of correct responses have been made. ____________________
n.
Reinforcement schedule in which not every correct response is reinforced. ________________________________
o.
A fixed amount of time must elapse between the previous and subsequent times that reinforcement is available.
_______________________________
p.
Aversive events that suppress or decrease the frequency of the behavior they follow. _______________________
q.
______________________________ of a learned response results from repeated performance of the response
without reinforcement.
r.
Voluntary responses that are reinforced. ___________________________________
“Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but
the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great.”
Mark Twain