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BIOLOGY 104
Review sheet final exam
Final exam section 001: Wednesday May 10 at 1:30 pm
Final exam section 002: Monday May 15 at 1:30 pm
1. YOU SHOULD STUDY ALL THE PREVIOUS STUDY GUIDES
INCLUDING THIS ONE FOR THE FINAL EXAM
2. FINAL EXAM IS COMPREHENSIVE
3. STUDY PREVIOUS EXAMS
4. Bring GMU ID, GREEN SCANTRONS, and PENCILS
5. DO NOT COME LATE !!!! YOU WILL NOT BE ALLOWED TO TAKE
THE FINAL IF A PERSON HAS ALREADY LEFT THE EXAM
6. GET A GOOD NIGHT REST
7. GOOD LUCK
Chapter 17: Plant Diversity
1. When did plants evolve? Which group of organisms did plants evolve from?
2. What adaptations did plants have to survive on land?
3. What are mycorrhizae? Are they fungi or plants?
4. Define a plant. Which kingdom do they belong to? Are they eukaryotes or
prokaryotes? Name a few characteristics that are only found in plant cells.
5. Are plants autotrophic or heterotrophic? What does that mean?
6. What are the organs of a plant? Name some of the functions for each part.
7. What is photosynthesis? Where does it occur?
8. Define these terms: cuticle, bud, gametangia, xylem, phloem, blade, petiole,
apical dominance, seed, ovule, vascular plants, stomata, guard cells.
9. What is alternation of generation? What are gametophytes? What are
sporophytes? Which is diploid or haploid?
10. What are the four groups of plants?
11. Which are seedless plants? Which are seed plants?
12. What are gymnosperms and angiosperms? Which one evolved the last?
13. What are Bryophytes? Give an example. Learn the life cycle and stages of
mosses? Do they have a dominant sporophyte or gametophyte? Are their
sperms flagellated? Learn which groups of plants have flagellated sperms.
14. What are Ferns? Learn life cycle. Which is dominant sporophyte or
gametophyte?
15. What are gymnosperms? Give an example. How are they different from the
other two groups? Do they have vascular tissue and flagellated sperms?
Where do you find their gametophytes, in what structure? What is their
sperm called? What are pollen grains?
16. What are angiosperms? Give an example. What is their reproductive
structure?
17. Name the parts and the functions of a flower.
18. What are stamens and carpels? Which is male or female reproductive organ?
19. What are anthers and stigma?
20. Where are the ovary and ovules in a flower? Learn the life cycle of
angiosperms.
21. Which are the male and female gametophytes? Where does fertilization
occur? What is a zygote?
22. What is pollination? How does it occur?
Chapter 31: Angiosperm Structure
1. What are monocotyledons and dicotyledons?
2. Name some differences between them. List these differences.
3. What is a plant body made of? What are roots? What is their function?
What are root hairs? How do they help plants?
4. What are shoots? What is their function? What are nodes, internodes,
terminal bud, axillary bud?
5. What are modified stems, modified roots, and modified leaves? Give
examples.
6. What is the cell wall of a plant cell made of? What are plasmodesmata?
7. What are the three types of cells commonly found in plants?
8. Learn the structure and how to differentiate between a parenchyma,
collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cell. What are the functions of each cell
type? Where do you find them in a plant ( which parts)?
9. What are the two types of sclerenchyma cells?
10. Which ones are alive or dead at maturity? Which ones have a secondary cell
wall?
11. What are the three tissue types found in plants?
12. Where do you find the 3 types and what is their function?
13. Are all three types of tissue found in all parts of a plant? Be able to label the
tissue in a root, stem, and leaves.
14. What is mesophyll? Where do you find it?
15. What does indeterminate growth mean? Which organisms exhibit this kind
of growth?
16. What are meristems? What is the difference between an apical and a lateral
meristem?
17. What is the difference between primary and secondary growth? Which
plants exhibit both kinds of growth?
18. What is primary phloem and xylem?
19. What is vascular cambium? Where is it found? What does it produce?
20. Where is secondary xylem and secondary phloem located in a plant? Know
to label the layers with the correct names.
21. What is wood? What is it made of? Is it dead or alive? What is cork
cambium? Where is it found? What does it make?
22. What is bark? What three layers make the bark of a tree?
23. How can you tell the age of a tree? Are the rings xylem or phloem?
24. What is the difference between heartwood and sapwood? Which is dead and
which is alive?
Angiosperm Reproduction:
1. Why are flowers scented and colored?
2. What are the cells in pollen grains called? What is their function? How many
sperms are made in a generative cell? What is the function of the pollen
tube?
3. Where is the egg made? In what structure?
4. How do sporophytes produce haploid spores? By what process?
5. How do spores make gametes or gametophytes? By what process?
6. How many pollen grains are made from meiosis? How many eggs are made
from meiosis? Are the egg and sperms haploid or diploid?
7. What is an embryo sac?
8. What do the sperms fertilize? What do they produce?
9. What is a triploid cell? How is it made? What does it become after
fertilization?
10. What is an embryo?
11. What is double fertilization? How common is it in living organisms?
12. What becomes the seed? What does a seed contain?
13. What is endosperm?
14. Why do seeds become dormant? Name a few evolutionary advantages.
15. What is a fruit? Where does it develop from?
16. What is the difference between a simple fruit, aggregate fruit, and multiple
fruit? Give examples of each.
17. What do seeds need to germinate?
18. Can plants reproduce asexually? How and by what method? Give examples?
19. What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?
20. What are genetically modified foods? Name a few advantages and
disadvantages for the use of GM plants as foods.