Download Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration Watch “The Big Picture” (the first section

Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
1. Watch “The Big Picture” (the first section) of the following
animation and answer the following questions as you watch.
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/c
ellularrespiration.html
a. Give a brief definition of cellular respiration as described in
the first section of the video.
b. In the example of the Bison, what is ingested?
c. This is used in cells for the process of cellular respiration.
What molecule stores the energy produced in cellular
respiration and what is this energy used for?
d. What molecule does the bison inhale? What molecule does the
bison exhale?
e. What is the other product of cellular respiration?
f. Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration
in regard to the following:
 Inputs or reactants:

Outputs or products:

Energy:
Name ________________________________________________ Period ______
Class Notes:
g. What are the 3 basic steps of cellular respiration?
h. What is the combined function of these three steps of cellular
respiration?
2. Watch “Glycolysis” (the second section) of the following
animation and answer the following questions as you watch.
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/c
ellularrespiration.html
a. What happens to the molecule of glucose in the process of
glycolysis?
b. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place?
c. What are the two distinct phases of glycolysis?
d. How is the “Preparatory Phase” of glycolysis similar to a biker
having to ride up a hill before riding down the other side?
e. What happens to the molecule of glucose when the 2 ATP
molecules each add a phosphate group to it?
f. Name the electron carriers that each accepts 2 high-energy
electrons and a hydrogen ion from the glucose halves.
Class Notes:
g.
What is the difference between NAD+ and NADH?
h.
What is glucose broken down into by the end of glycolysis?
i.
Why does glycolysis net 2 ATP molecules instead of 4?
j.
What is the net yield of NADH when one glucose molecule
undergoes glycolysis?
k.
NOTE: There are two advantages of glycolysis: (1) the process
is very fast even though it only nets 2 ATP from a glucose
molecule (2) it can take place without the presence of oxygen.
l.
If the process stops here, there is a net yield of only 2 ATP.
What are the two stages of cellular respiration that give the
energy “bang-for-the-food-buck”?
3. Watch “Krebs Cycle” (the 3rd section) of the following animation
and answer the following questions:
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/c
ellularrespiration.html
a. Where in the cell does the Krebs Cycle take place?
b. When pyruvate molecules enter the Krebs Cycle, they go
through several processes to produce 2 ATP and give
electrons to two electron carriers. What are these electron
carriers?
Class Notes:
c. What happens to the carbon atoms that were in the original
glucose molecule?
d. What molecules represent the most energy for the cell at the
end of the Krebs Cycle?
e. Where do these electron carriers go next and what do they
release there?
f. These two electron carriers are reverted back to FAD and
NAD+ so that they can be recycled and used in the
____________________ ___________________________.
g. The Electron Transport Chain absolutely requires oxygen to
continue and produce ATP. What happens to the Krebs Cycle if
no oxygen is available for the ETC? Why does this occur?
h. Aerobic training (exercise) increases the number of
mitochondria in muscle cells. Why is this beneficial to
athletes?
i.
Which of the three processes (Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron
Transport Chain) described so far in this video produces the
most ATP?
Class Notes:
(4th
4. Watch the Electron Transport Chain
section) of the following
animation and answer the questions:
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/c
ellularrespiration.html
a. Where does the electron transport chain reaction take place
and why is it essential?
b. What are NADH and FADH used for in the electron transport
chain?
c. Where do the proteins of the electron transport chain reside?
(Where can they be found?)
d. Why do you think that the inner membrane of the
mitochondria has many folds?
e. What do NADH and FADH donate to the electron transport
chain?
f. What occurs as the electrons move through proteins in the
electron transport chain?
g. What builds up in the intermembrane space of the
mitochondria?
h. What is a concentration gradient?
i.
What molecule accepts (snatches) electrons at the end of the
electron transport chain and what product is formed?
Class Notes:
j.
When hydrogen ions build up on one side of a membrane they Class Notes:
create a concentration gradient called a proton gradient. What
is the purpose of the proton gradient in the electron transport
chain?
k. The protein that produces ATP is the same protein found in
the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts. What is the
name of this protein?
l.
What will happen if oxygen is not in the mitochondria to
accept electrons?
m. Where are NADP and FADH2 recycled to and why?
n. Make a flow chart (like on the animation) that illustrates what
occurs in cellular respiration starting with glucose and ending
with ATP.
o. What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration?
p. Give an explanation as to why cyanide is such a deadly poison.
Be specific as to what cyanide does in the electron transport
chain.
5. Use your textbook to answer the following questions. See the
section on Fermentation, p. 224-225.
a. When does fermentation take place in a cell?
b. Fermentation combines two processes, what are they?
c. What are the two main types of anaerobic respiration or
fermentation?
d. What are the reactants and products of alcoholic
fermentation?
e. What types of organisms undergo alcoholic fermentation?
f. What are the reactants and products of lactic acid
fermentation?
g. What do both alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid
fermentation regenerate so that glycolysis can continue?
h. Why and where does lactic acid fermentation take place in
humans?
i.
What types of foods can be produced from lactic acid
fermentation in prokaryotes?