Download RCPsych Literature Search COMORBIDITY 2005

COMORBIDITY <8>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006008654
Authors Harrington J.J. Avidan A.Y.
Institution
(Avidan) Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health Systems, 8D-8702 University Hospital, 1500 East
Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Treatment of sleep disorders in elderly patients.
Source
Current Treatment Options in Neurology. 7(5)(pp 339-352), 2005. Date of Publication: Sep
2005.
Abstract
Sleep disorders are common among the elderly and are associated with diminished quality
of life, increased risk for development of psychiatric disorders, inappropriate use of sleep aids,
and decreased daytime functioning. The most common and important sleep disorders in the
elderly include insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, restless legs syndrome, rapid
eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and the advanced sleep phase syndrome. In this
article, we summarize the current treatment strategies for each of these sleep-related
disorders. Before contemplating specific treatments, the authors recommend that more
conservative and nonpharmacologic therapies be attempted first because the elderly are
more likely to have medication side effects or complications related to surgery. Many sleep
problems can be treated by simple sleep hygiene modifications that can be implemented and
adopted easily. For others, therapies that specifically consider older adults may be required.
For each of the sleep disorders we provide an updated discussion of therapies beginning with
diet and lifestyle, pharmacologic treatment, interventional procedures, surgery, assistive
devices, physical and speech therapy, exercise, and emerging therapies with specific
considerations for older adults. Copyright copyright 2005 by Current Science Inc.
ISSN 1092-8480
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Current Treatment Options in Neurology
Volume 7
Issue Part 5
Page 339-352
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Sep 2005
COMORBIDITY <9>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006007272
Authors Maki P. Veijola J. Jones P.B. Murray G.K. Koponen H. Tienari P. Miettunen J. Tanskanen P. Wahlberg K.E. Koskinen J. Lauronen E. Isohanni M.
Institution
(Maki, Veijola, Koponen, Tienari, Miettunen, Tanskanen, Wahlberg, Koskinen, Lauronen, Isohanni) Department of
Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Finland.
(Maki, Veijola, Koponen, Miettunen) Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
(Veijola, Koponen) Muurola Psychiatric Hospital, Finland.
(Jones, Murray) Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
(Tanskanen) Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital,
(Maki) Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Predictors of schizophrenia - A review.
Source
British Medical Bulletin. 73-74(pp 1-15), 2005. Date of Publication: 2005.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is an aetiologically heterogeneous syndrome that usually becomes overtly
manifest in adolescence and early adulthood, but in many cases subtle impairments in
neurointegrative function are present from birth; hence it is considered to be a disorder with a
neurodevelopmental component. The strongest risk factor that has been identified is familial
risk with genetic loading. Other risk factors include pregnancy and delivery complications,
infections during pregnancy, disturbances of early neuromotor and cognitive development and
heavy cannabis use in adolescence. Unfortunately, to date it has not been possible to utilize
the predictors of the disorder that have been identified in primary preventative interventions in
a general population. However, some authors have claimed that in future it might be possible
to reduce the risk for developing schizophrenia through general health policy. In clinical
settings, it is helpful to map out possible early risk factors, at least familial risk for psychosis,
especially in child, adolescent and young adult mental patients. Furthermore, in the future we
may have predictive models combining data from genetic factors for schizophrenia, antenatal
risk factors, childhood and adolescent development and clinical symptomatology, as well as
brain structural and functional abnormalities. copyright The Author 2005. Published by Oxford
University Press on behalf of The British Medical Society. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0007-1420
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name British Medical Bulletin
Volume 73-74
Page 1-15
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication 2005
COMORBIDITY <10>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006002500
Authors Quanbeck C.D. McDermott B.E. Frye M.A.
Institution
(Quanbeck) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Psychiatry and the Law, University of
California, Davis, 2230 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Clinical and legal characteristics of inmates with bipolar disorders.
Source
Current Psychiatry Reports. 7(6)(pp 478-484), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005.
Abstract
Individuals with bipolar disorder are at an increased risk of criminal arrest compared with
those in the population at large. The combination of manic symptoms and substance abuse
seem to be the primary illness factors for this increased risk, and the public mental health
system has faced challenges in treating these patients successfully in community settings. To
decrease the risk for arrest in bipolar patients, clinicians can screen and refer patients for
substance use disorders, stabilize mania in hospital settings, and take measures to improve
outpatient adherence in the postmanic hospitalization period. Psychiatric advance directives,
new developments in civil commitment law, and mental health courts are legal mechanisms
that may be critical in preventing the criminalization of those with bipolar disorder. Copyright
copyright 2005 by Current Science Inc.
ISSN 1523-3812
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Current Psychiatry Reports
Volume 7
Issue Part 6
Page 478-484
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Dec 2005
COMORBIDITY <13>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005566625
Authors Carpentier P.J. De Jong C.A.J. Dijkstra B.A.G. Verbrugge C.A.G. Krabbe P.F.M.
Institution
(Carpentier, De Jong, Dijkstra, Verbrugge) Novadic-Kentron, Network for Addiction Treatment Services, SintOedenrode, Netherlands.
(De Jong, Dijkstra) Nijmegen Institute for Scientists-Practitioners in Addiction, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
(Krabbe) Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Medical Technology Assessment, Nijmegen,
Netherlands.
(Carpentier) Novadic-Kentron, Schijndelseweg 46, 5491 TB Sint-Oedenrode, Netherlands.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
A controlled trial of methylphenidate in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity
disorder and substance use disorders.
Source
Addiction. 100(12)(pp 1868-1874), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005.
Abstract
Aims: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among adult patients with
substance use disorders. The benefits of treating ADHD in these patients are uncertain and
the prescription of psychostimulants is disputed, because of the risk of abuse. This study
examined the short-term effectiveness of methylphenidate treatment for ADHD in adults with
substance use disorders. Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple cross-over (A-BA-B design) comparative trial of methylphenidate versus placebo. Setting: In-patient addiction
treatment facility. Participants: Twenty-five patients with ADHD who were receiving in-patient
treatment for various substance use disorders. Intervention: During the course of 8 weeks,
each participant completed two phases of placebo and two phases of active medication
treatment, in a fixed low-dosage schedule (up to 0.6 mg/kg/day). Abstinence was maintained
during the study. Measurements: The outcome measure was ADHD symptomatology, as
measured with the ADHD rating scale-IV. The results were compared using MANOVA
repeated measures. Findings: Nineteen of the 25 patients completed the trial. A significant
reduction in ADHD symptoms was observed in the first week in both conditions. The positive
response to active treatment (nine patients; 36%) was not significantly higher than that to
placebo (five patients; 20%). Conclusions: In this small pilot study, the effect of low-dose
methylphenidate in adult ADHD patients with concomitant substance use disorders is limited.
ADHD symptoms in adults were susceptible to a distinct short-term placebo response.
copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 12
Page 1868-1874
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Dec 2005
COMORBIDITY <322>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005256058
Authors Sood A.B. Razdan A. Weller E.B. Weller R.A.
Institution
(Sood) Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems, 515 North
10th Street, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
How to differentiate bipolar disorder from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and
other common psychiatric disorders: A guide for Clinicians.
Source
Current Psychiatry Reports. 7(2)(pp 98-103), 2005. Date of Publication: Apr 2005.
Abstract
Bipolar disorder in children often is confused with attention deficit disorder, substanceinduced mood disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. It is not
uncommon for some of these disorders to be comorbid with pediatric bipolar disorder. This
article provides the reader with a review of the existing literature on differentiating these
illnesses and recognizing the phenomenology of each disorder as it pertains to a psychiatric
diagnostic work-up of a child. Clinically helpful overlapping and unique characteristics of each
disorder are discussed and a practical approach to differentiate these disorders is provided.
Copyright copyright 2005 by Current Science Inc.
ISSN 1523-3812
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Current Psychiatry Reports
Volume 7
Issue Part 2
Page 98-103
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Apr 2005
COMORBIDITY <333>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005248203
Authors Burns L. Teesson M. O'Neill K.
Institution
(Burns, Teesson) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052,
Australia.
(O'Neill) Drug and Alcohol Service, Ryde Hospital, Fourth Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The impact of comorbid anxiety and depression on alcohol treatment outcomes.
Source
Addiction. 100(6)(pp 787-796), 2005. Date of Publication: Jun 2005.
Abstract
Aims: This study examines the impact of comorbid Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version
IV (DSM-IV) anxiety and/or depression on out-patient treatment for alcohol problems. Design:
A prospective correlational design. Participants and settings: Seventy-one clients seeking
alcohol out-patient treatment at two treatment sites were interviewed at commencement of a
treatment episode for alcohol problems and reinterviewed using the same measures 3
months later. Comorbid DSM-IV anxiety and/or depression were measured by the Composite
International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), a comprehensive interview developed by the World
Health Organization to assess current and life-time prevalence of mental disorders. Outcome
measures included standardized measures of disability [the short form (SF)-12 Mental Health
Summary Score and the number of days taken out of role] and the average amount of alcohol
consumed. Clients were also asked to rate their satisfaction with the services received.
Findings: Participants with comorbid DSM-IV anxiety and/or depressive disorders were more
disabled and drank more heavily than those without these comorbid disorders at entry to
treatment. At 3-month follow-up both groups of participants (i.e. those with and without DSM-
IV comorbid anxiety and/or depression) were significantly less disabled and also drank
significantly less alcohol on an average drinking occasion than at baseline. Despite this, the
comorbid group remained more disabled and drank more heavily than the non-comorbid
group at follow-up. Conclusions: Further research is needed to determine the most
appropriate model of care for alcohol treatment seekers with comorbid DSM-IV anxiety and/or
depression. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 6
Page 787-796
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Jun 2005
COMORBIDITY <372>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005212917
Authors Ferdinand R.F. Sondeijker F. Van Der Ende J. Selten J.-P. Huizink A. Verhulst F.C.
Institution
(Ferdinand, Sondeijker, Van Der Ende, Huizink, Verhulst) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus
Medical Center Rotterdam/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
(Selten) Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht,
Netherlands.
(Ferdinand) Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam/Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Dr Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Cannabis use predicts future psychotic symptoms, and vice versa.
Source
Addiction. 100(5)(pp 612-618), 2005. Date of Publication: May 2005.
Abstract
Aims: To assess if cannabis use is a risk factor for future psychotic symptoms, and vice
versa, in adolescents and young adults from the general population. Design: Cohort study.
Setting/participants: 'Zuid Holland' study, a 14-year follow-up study of 1580 initially 4-16-yearolds who were drawn randomly from the Dutch general population. Because cannabis use is
generally condoned in the Netherlands, false-negative reports of cannabis use may occur less
frequently than in countries with stricter drug policies, which supports the value of the present
study. Measurements: Life-time cannabis use and psychotic symptoms, assessed with the
Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Findings: Cannabis use, in individuals
who did not have psychotic symptoms before they began using cannabis, predicted future
psychotic symptoms (hazard ratio = 2.81; 95% confidence interval = 1.79-4.43). However,
psychotic symptoms in those who had never used cannabis before the onset of psychotic
symptoms also predicted future cannabis use (hazard ratio = 1.70; 95% confidence interval =
1.13-2.57). Conclusions: The results imply either a common vulnerability with varying order of
onset or a bi-directional causal relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. More
research on patterns and timings of these relationships is needed to narrow down the
possibilities. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 5
Page 612-618
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication May 2005
COMORBIDITY <378>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005203795
Authors Benjamin L. Wulfert E.
Institution
(Benjamin, Wulfert) Department of Psychology, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany,
NY 12222, United States.
(Benjamin) Columbia University, 3022 Broadway, 311 Uris Hall, New York, NY 10027, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Dispositional correlates of addictive behaviors in college women: Binge eating and
heavy drinking.
Source
Eating Behaviors. 6(3)(pp 197-209), 2005. Date of Publication: Jun 2005.
Abstract
Binge eating and alcohol abuse are often conceptualized as addictive behaviors. As these
behaviors are relatively common among undergraduate college women, we examined
whether common dispositional variables underlie their occurrence. Three hundred and thirtyfive undergraduate women completed self-report questionnaires about their eating and
alcohol use habits as well as dispositional measures of impulsivity, tolerance of deviance,
self-esteem, rejection sensitivity, extraversion-introversion, conscientiousness, and emotional
stability. Multiple regression analyses showed that women who either binge eat or abuse
alcohol, but not both, have similar dispositional characteristics. Both groups exhibited a high
degree of impulsivity and endorsed socially deviant attitudes; thus, both groups could be
viewed as "externalizers." In contrast, women who admitted to both addictive behaviors, i.e.,
binge eating as well as alcohol abuse, were not particularly impulsive or socially deviant, but
manifested a high degree of emotional instability ("neuroticism"); thus, these women might be
considered "internalizers." The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are
discussed. copyright 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 1471-0153
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Eating Behaviors
Volume 6
Issue Part 3
Page 197-209
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Jun 2005
COMORBIDITY <386>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005193488
Authors Kalman D. Morissette S.B. George T.P.
Institution
(Kalman, Morissette) Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
(Kalman) E. Nourse Rogers Vet. Aff. Med. Ctr., Bedford, MA, United States.
(Morissette) Anxiety Disord. Clin./Psychol. Serv., VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.
(George) Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven,
CT, United States.
(George) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Substance Abuse Center, 34 Park Street,
New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Co-morbidity of smoking in patients with psychiatric and substance use disorders.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 14(2)(pp 106-123), 2005. Date of Publication: Mar 2005.
Abstract
This article reviews cigarette smoking in patients with psychiatric disorders (PD) and
substance use disorders (SUD). Rates of smoking are approximately 23% in the U.S.
population but approximately two- to four-fold higher in patients with PD and SUD. Many
remaining smokers have had repeated smoking cessation failures, possibly due to the
presence of co-morbid PD and SUDs. There is modest, evidence-based support for effective
treatment interventions for nicotine addiction in PD and SUD. Further research is needed to
increase our understanding of nicotine addiction in PD and SUD and develop more effective
treatment interventions.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 14
Issue Part 2
Page 106-123
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Mar 2005
COMORBIDITY <115>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005462220
Authors Salloum I.M. Cornelius J.R. Douaihy A. Kirisci L. Daley D.C. Kelly T.M.
Institution
(Salloum, Cornelius, Douaihy, Daley, Kelly) Western Psychiatric Institute, Clinic of the University of Pittsburgh
Medical Center, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
(Kirisci) Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Patient characteristics and treatment implications of marijuana abuse among bipolar
alcoholics: Results from a double blind, placebo-controlled study.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 30(9)(pp 1702-1708), 2005. Date of Publication: Oct 2005.
Abstract
Objective: Marijuana abuse, primarily a disorder of adolescents and young adults, is highly
prevalent among patients with severely ill psychiatric population, especially those with bipolar
disorder. Additional marijuana abuse may impact on the clinical presentation of bipolar illness
and may potentially act as mediator of treatment response in this population. However, the
characterization of bipolar disorder patients with additional marijuana abuse and the impact of
such abuse on treatment outcome has been rarely examined. The aim of this study was to
characterize bipolar alcoholic patients with comorbid marijuana abuse and test the impact of
marijuana abuse on alcohol and mood outcome of patients with bipolar disorder and comorbid
alcohol dependence. Method: We conducted secondary analyses of a randomized, double
blind, placebo-controlled trial testing valproate in 52 bipolar alcoholics. Subjects had a
comprehensive assessment at baseline using structured diagnostic assessments, and they
were then assessed every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. Results: Twenty-five subjects (48%)
reported marijuana abuse. Those with co-occurring marijuana abuse were younger, had fewer
years of education, and had significantly higher number of additional psychiatric comorbidity.
They also had more severe alcohol and other drug use and were significantly more likely to
present in the manic phase. The mixed model indicated that the placebo-treated marijuana
abuse group had the worst alcohol use outcome. Conclusions: Marijuana abuse among
patients with bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence is associated with higher degree of
severity of alcohol and other drugs of abuse and may negatively impact on alcohol treatment
outcome. copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 30
Issue Part 9
Page 1702-1708
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Oct 2005
COMORBIDITY <117>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005461768
Authors Green B. Young R. Kavanagh D.
Institution
(Green) Community Forensic Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
(Young) School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland of University of Technology,
Carseldine, QLD, Australia.
(Kavanagh) Department of Psychiatry, Central Clinical Division, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
(Green) Community Forensic Mental Health Service, 42 Albert Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people with psychosis.
Source
British Journal of Psychiatry. 187(OCT.)(pp 306-313), 2005. Date of Publication: Oct 2005.
Abstract
Background: Increasing attention has been given by researchers to cannabis use in
individuals with psychosis. As psychoses are relatively low-prevalence disorders, research
has been mostly been restricted to small-scale studies of treatment samples. The reported
prevalence estimates obtained from these studies vary widely. Aims: To provide prevalence
estimates based on larger samples and to examine sources of variability in prevalence
estimates across studies. Method: Data from 53 studies of treatment samples and 5
epidemiological studies were analysed. Results: Based on treatment sample data, prevalence
estimates were calculated for current use (23.0%), current misuse (11.3%), 12-month use
(29.2%), 12-month misuse (18.8%), lifetime use (42.1%) and lifetime misuse (22.5%).
Epidemiological studies consistently reported higher cannabis use and misuse prevalence in
people with psychosis. Conclusions: The factor most consistently associated with increased
odds of cannabis prevalence was specificity of diagnosis. Factors such as consumption
patterns and study design merit further consideration.
ISSN 0007-1250
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name British Journal of Psychiatry
Volume 187
Issue Part OCT.
Page 306-313
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Oct 2005
COMORBIDITY <157>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005419164
Authors Stein M.D. Solomon D.A. Anderson B.J. Herman D.S. Anthony J.L. Brown R.A. Ramsey S.E. Miller I.W.
Institution
(Stein, Anderson, Herman, Ramsey) Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI,
United States.
(Solomon, Anthony, Brown, Miller) Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of
Medicine, Providence, RI, United States.
(Stein) Division of General Internal Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Persistence of antidepressant treatment effects in a pharmacotherapy plus
psychotherapy trial for active injection drug users.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 14(4)(pp 346-357), 2005. Date of Publication: Jul 2005.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if combined psychotherapy and
pharmacotherapy reduces reported depressive symptoms compared to an assessment only
condition for active drug injectors over nine months. Using a randomised controlled trial at an
outpatient academic research office, the researchers applied psychotherapy (eight sessions
of cognitive behavioral therapy) plus pharmacotherapy (citalopram) to active injection drug
users with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression, dysthymia, substance-induced mood
disorder with symptoms persisting for at least three months, or major depression plus
dysthymia, and a Modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (MHRSD) score greater
than 13. The MHRSD scale scores were then assessed at the completion of three, six, and
nine months. Participants (n = 109) were 64% male and 82% Caucasian, with a mean
baseline MHRSD score of 20.7. Depression subtypes included major depression only (63%),
substance-induced depression (17%), and double-depression (17%). Study retention at nine
months was 89%. At the completion of three months of acute treatment, 26% of combined
treatment patients (n = 53), compared to 12% of control patients (n = 56), were in remission
(p = .047). At both six and nine months, the between-group differences in remission rates and
mean MHRSD scores were insignificant, although the overall mean MHRSD score decreased
from baseline (p < .01). At all follow-up assessments, depression remission was significantly
associated with lower heroin use. Among active drug injectors diagnosed with depression,
symptoms decline over time. Combined treatment is superior to an assessment-only condition
in depression remission rates at the end-of-treatment, but this difference does not persist.
Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 14
Issue Part 4
Page 346-357
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Jul 2005
COMORBIDITY <160>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005419161
Authors Wilens T.E. Kwon A. Tanguay S. Chase R. Moore H. Faraone S.V. Biederman J.
Institution
(Faraone) Clinical Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,
MA, United States.
(Faraone) Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.
(Wilens) Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, YAW-6-6A, 32 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Characteristics of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder plus substance
use disorder: The role of psychiatric comorbidity.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 14(4)(pp 319-327), 2005. Date of Publication: Jul 2005.
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the characteristics of adults with Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or substance use disorder (SUD), especially in the
context of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Subjects were adults (n = 78) participating in a
controlled family study of ADHD and SUD. Four groups were identified based on a diagnosis
of ADHD or SUD: ADHD, SUD, ADHD + SUD, and neither ADHD nor SUD. All diagnoses
were determined by structured clinical interview for DSM IV. Rates of psychiatric comorbidity
were lowest in the controls, intermediate in the ADHD and SUD groups, and highest in the
ADHD + SUD group. Relative to controls, the ADHD, SUD, and ADHD + SUD groups had
higher rates of major depression (z = 1.98, p = 0.05), conduct disorder (z = 2.0, p = 0.04),
antisocial personality disorder (z = 2.6, p = 0.009), agoraphobia (z = 2.5, p = 0.01) and social
phobia (z = 2.7, p = 0.007). Higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity, especially mood and
anxiety disorders, exist in subjects with SUD + ADHD relative to subjects with SUD, ADHD, or
controls. Clinicians need to be attentive to other psychiatric disorders that may occur in the
large group of adults with ADHD + SUD. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction
Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 14
Issue Part 4
Page 319-327
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Jul 2005
COMORBIDITY <169>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005416497
Authors Koller G. Engel R.R. Preuss U.W. Karakesisoglou A. Zill P. Bondy B. Soyka M.
Institution
(Koller) Substitutionsambulanz, Pestalozzistrasse 2, 80469 Munchen, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Tryptophan hydroxylase gene 1 polymorphisms are not associated with suicide
attempts in alcohol-dependent individuals.
Source
Addiction Biology. 10(3)(pp 269-273), 2005. Date of Publication: Sep 2005.
Abstract
A serotonergic dysfunction was suggested to be involved into the biological susceptibility of
suicidal behaviour. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin
biosynthesis, is a significant regulating factor in the serotonergic system. Recently the A6526G, and G-5806T and A-779C polymorphisms of the TPH 1 gene were identified and
suggested to be associated with suicidal behaviour, but study results are conflicting. We
examined a possible association of the A-6526G, and G-5806T and A-779C polymorphisms
with suicide attempts in a sample of 80 alcohol-dependent individuals with a history of at least
one suicide attempt. This group was analysed in comparison with 241 alcohol-dependent
subjects without such a history. No significant relationship between haplotype and genotype
distribution and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms with suicide attempts were
detected. Furthermore, no association with number of suicide attempts and TPH haplotypes
were found. Our data do not support the hypothesis of A-6526G, G-5806T or A-779C
polymorphisms to be associated with suicide attempts in alcohol-dependent individuals.
copyright Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs.
ISSN 1355-6215
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction Biology
Volume 10
Issue Part 3
Page 269-273
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Sep 2005
COMORBIDITY <177>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005402374
Authors Henquet C. Murray R. Linszen D. Van Os J.
Institution
(Henquet, Van Os) Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience,
Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
(Murray, Van Os) Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, United
Kingdom.
(Linszen) Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The environment and schizophrenia: The role of cannabis use.
Source
Schizophrenia Bulletin. 31(3)(pp 608-612), 2005. Date of Publication: Jul 2005.
Abstract
Cannabis use is associated with poor outcome in existing schizophrenia and may precipitate
psychosis in individuals with preexisting liability. To investigate the overall effect size and
consistency of the association between cannabis and psychosis, a meta-analysis from
prospective studies was carried out. The pooled odds ratio was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.7-2.5) and
could not be explained by confounding or reverse causality. Evidence suggests that cannabis
is a component cause in the development and prognosis of psychosis, in which mechanisms
of gene-environment interaction are most likely to explain this association. Potential new
methods to directly link genetic liability to the effects of cannabis are discussed. copyright The
Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric
Research Center. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0586-7614
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume 31
Issue Part 3
Page 608-612
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Jul 2005
COMORBIDITY <183>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005401654
Authors Thomasius R. Petersen K.U. Zapletalova P. Wartberg L. Zeichner D. Schmoldt A.
Institution
(Thomasius, Petersen, Zapletalova, Wartberg, Zeichner) Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
(Schmoldt) Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
(Thomasius) Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrae
52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Mental disorders in current and former heavy ecstasy (MDMA) users.
Source
Addiction. 100(9)(pp 1310-1319), 2005. Date of Publication: Sep 2005.
Abstract
Background: Ecstasy use has often been found to be associated with psychopathology, yet
this research has so far been based largely on subjective symptom ratings. Aims: To
investigate whether ecstasy users suffered from long-term psychopathological consequences.
Measurements: We compared the prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV
(DSM-IV) mental disorders in 30 current and 29 former ecstasy users, 29 polydrug and 30
drug-naive controls. Groups were approximately matched by age, gender and level of
education. The current ecstasy users reported a life-time dose of an average of 821 and the
former ecstasy users of 768 ecstasy tablets. Findings: Ecstasy users did not significantly
differ from controls in the prevalence of mental disorders, except those related to substance
use. Substance-induced affective, anxiety and cognitive disorders occurred more frequently
among ecstasy users than polydrug controls. The life-time prevalence of ecstasy dependence
amounted to 73% in the ecstasy user groups. More than half of the former ecstasy users and
nearly half of the current ecstasy users met the criteria of substance-induced cognitive
disorders at the time of testing. Logistic regression analyses showed the estimated life-time
doses of ecstasy to be predictive of cognitive disorders, both current and life-time.
Conclusions: The motivation for ecstasy use is not likely to be self-medication of pre-existing
depressive or anxiety disorders as these did not occur more frequently in the ecstasy users
than in control groups or in the general population. Cognitive disorders still present after over
5 months of ecstasy abstinence may well be functional consequences of serotonergic
neurotoxicity of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). copyright 2005 Society for
the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 9
Page 1310-1319
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Sep 2005
COMORBIDITY <203>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005381970
Authors Brink J.
Institution
(Brink) Forensic Psychiatric Services Commission, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Port
Coquitlam, BC, Canada.
(Brink) Forensic Psychiatric Services Commission, 70 Colony Farm Road, Port Coquitlam, BC V3C 5X9, Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Epidemiology of mental illness in a correctional system.
Source
Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 18(5)(pp 536-541), 2005. Date of Publication: Sep 2005.
Abstract
Purpose of review: Reports of higher than community rates of mental disorder in
incarcerated populations first appeared in the mid-1970s. These findings have been
confirmed over the past three decades in numerous studies across a wide spectrum of
forensic settings. Recent research has benefited from enhanced methodological
sophistication, and reliable rates across clinical domains and divergent forensic population
groups are now available. This article reviews the literature on the prevalence of mental
illness in forensic settings over the past 10 years, with special reference to specific
subgroups. Recent findings: Overall rates of any mental disorder, including personality
disorder and addiction, remain high, in general ranging between 55% and 80%. The findings
of recent, systematic surveys and of 22 studies reviewed here reveal rates of psychosis that
are several times higher in correctional settings than in the community. Mood disorder rates
are elevated also, with higher morbidity reported for women than for men. Findings in
specialized populations indicate similarly elevated rates of mental disorder among adolescent
and geriatric prisoners, while addiction rates rank highest across all population domains.
Summary: The prevalence of psychiatric illness in correctional settings is significantly
elevated, with higher than community rates reported for most mental disorders. It is estimated
that in the USA one in five incarcerated persons is afflicted with major psychiatric illness; with
an estimated 9-10 million persons imprisoned worldwide, the burden of psychiatric illness in
this vulnerable and marginalized population poses a serious challenge to researchers and
clinicians alike. copyright 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
ISSN 0951-7367
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Current Opinion in Psychiatry
Volume 18
Issue Part 5
Page 536-541
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Sep 2005
COMORBIDITY <210>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005359316
Authors Pietrzak R.H. Petry N.M.
Institution
(Pietrzak, Petry) Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States.
(Petry) Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT
06030-3944, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Antisocial personality disorder is associated with increased severity of gambling,
medical, drug and psychiatric problems among treatment-seeking pathological
gamblers.
Source
Addiction. 100(8)(pp 1183-1193), 2005. Date of Publication: Aug 2005.
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate systematically whether pathological gamblers with antisocial personality
disorder (ASPD) experience increased severity of gambling, medical, psychiatric, substance
use and psychosocial problems compared to pathological gamblers without ASPD.
Participants, design and measurements: Pathological gamblers (M = 237) entering an outpatient treatment study for pathological gambling completed the ASPD section of the
Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV)
Personality Disorders, California Psychological Inventory-Socialization Scale, Addiction
Severity Index (ASI), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and gambling questionnaires. Setting:
Pathological gambling research clinic. Findings: Thirty-nine (16.5%) pathological gamblers
met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ASPD. Compared to pathological gamblers without ASPD,
pathological gamblers with ASPD were younger, more likely to be male and
divorced/separated, and had fewer years of education. They also began gambling earlier in
life, reported increased severity of gambling, medical and drug problems, and scored higher
on the paranoid ideation, somatization and phobic anxiety subscales of the BSI. Further,
logistic regression identified male gender, history of illicit drug use and severity of gambling
and medical problems as independent predictors of ASPD. Conclusions: These results
underscore the importance of assessing a wide range of behaviors and personality indices,
including ASPD, among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers. copyright 2005 Society for
the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 8
Page 1183-1193
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Aug 2005
COMORBIDITY <217>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005359309
Authors Darke S. Ross J. Williamson A. Teesson M.
Institution
(Darke, Ross, Williamson, Teesson) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,
Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The impact of borderline personality disorder on 12-month outcomes for the
treatment of heroin dependence.
Source
Addiction. 100(8)(pp 1121-1130), 2005. Date of Publication: Aug 2005.
Abstract
Aims: To determine the effects of borderline personality disorder (BPD) on 12-month
treatment retention and outcomes for the treatment of heroin dependence. Design:
Longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Sydney, Australia. Participants: A cohort of 495 heroin
users enrolled in the Australian Treatment Outcome Study. Findings: Criteria for BPD were
met by 45% of the cohort. At baseline there were no differences in heroin use, but the BPD
group had higher levels of polydrug use, crime, needle risk-taking, more injection-related
health problems, higher levels of overdose, poorer psychological health and more extensive
suicide histories. At 12 months there was no group difference in the cumulative number of
treatment days received, but the BPD group had enrolled in more different treatment
episodes. Within both groups reductions had occurred in drug use and drug-related problems,
with no differences in heroin use, polydrug use or global physical health at 12 months. After
taking into account the effects of treatment on outcome, however, BPD was associated
independently with a higher level of needle sharing [odds ratio (OR) 3.21], more injectionrelated health problems (OR 1.90), a higher likelihood of heroin overdose (OR 1.92), poorer
global psychological health (OR 2.43), higher levels of current major depression (OR 3.19)
and a higher likelihood of attempted suicide (OR 3.89). While BPD participants showed
similar reductions in heroin and other drug use to other patients at 12 months, they continued
to exhibit higher levels of risk and harm across a range of outcomes. Conclusions: Screening
would appear to be warranted to identify a group who may overtly respond to treatment in
terms of drug use per se, but remain at substantially greater risk. copyright 2005 Society for
the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 8
Page 1121-1130
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Aug 2005
COMORBIDITY <238>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005317826
Authors Comtois K.A. Tisdall W.A. Holdcraft L.C. Simpson T.
Institution
(Comtois, Tisdall, Holdcraft, Simpson) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
(Simpson) VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States.
(Tisdall) Penn State/Milton S. Hershey Medical Center,
(Comtois) University of Washington, Box 359911, Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Dual diagnosis: Impact of family history.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 14(3)(pp 291-299), 2005. Date of Publication: May 2005.
Abstract
Psychiatric outpatients with severe and persistent mental illness and a current or past
substance use disorder (N = 89) were interviewed. Information from the Family Informant
Schedule and Criteria was configured in three ways to capture the degree of familial
substance abuse: biological parents only, all first-degree biological relatives, and all
caregivers. All three configurations predicted the severity of lifetime drug abuse on the
Inventory of Drug Use Consequences, controlling for any gender and non-substance-related
Axis I diagnosis. Differences in means represent low to very low substance abuse severity for
those without family history and low to medium severity for those with family history. The
clinical implications are discussed. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction
Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 14
Issue Part 3
Page 291-299
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication May 2005
COMORBIDITY <247>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005317817
Authors Herbeck D.M. Fitek D.J. Svikis D.S. Montoya I.D. Marcus S.C. West J.C.
Institution
(Herbeck) University of California, Los Angeles Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Los Angeles, CA, United
States.
(Fitek) Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.
(Svikis) Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
(Montoya) Division of Treatment Research and Development, National Institute on Drug Addiction, Bethesda, MD,
United States.
(Marcus) School of Social Work, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
(West) Practice Research Network, American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education, Washington, DC,
United States.
(Herbeck) UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, 1640 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Treatment compliance in patients with comorbid psychiatric and substance use
disorders.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 14(3)(pp 195-207), 2005. Date of Publication: May 2005.
Abstract
This study examines clinical and non-clinical factors associated with treatment compliance
problems in 342 patients with substance use disorders (SUD) seen in routine psychiatric
practice. Weighted Wald-X<sup>2</sup> and multivariate logistic regression assessed
sociodemographic, clinical, treatment, and health plan characteristics associated with
treatment compliance problems. Among patients with SUD, 40.5% were reported to currently
have treatment compliance problems. Patients with treatment compliance problems were
significantly more likely to have personality disorders, lower global assessment of functioning
scores, and medication side effects than those without treatment compliance problems.
Patients seen by psychiatrists who were reimbursed by discounted rather than undiscounted
fee-for-service were five times more likely to be reported to have treatment compliance
problems. Both clinical and non-clinical factors appear to be associated with treatment
compliance problems. Understanding these factors and targeting treatment interventions may
improve treatment compliance and patient outcomes. Copyright copyright American Academy
of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 14
Issue Part 3
Page 195-207
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication May 2005
COMORBIDITY <294>
Database
EMBASE
Accession Number
2005289499
Authors
Radat F. Creac'h C. Swendsen J.D. Lafittau M. Irachabal S. Dousset V. Henry P.
Institution
(Radat, Creac'h, Dousset, Henry) Chrome Pain Treatment Unit, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Bordeaux, France.
(Swendsen) Department of Psychopathology, University Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
(Lafittau, Irachabal) Department of Health Psychology, University Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
(Radat) CHU Pellegrin, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Psychiatric comorbidity in the evolution from migraine to medication overuse
headache.
Source
Cephalalgia. 25(7)(pp 519-522), 2005. Date of Publication: Jul 2005.
Abstract
We set out to study the role of psychiatric comorbidity in the evolution of migraine to
medication overuse headache (MOH) by a comparative study of 41 migraineurs (MIG) and 41
patients suffering from MOH deriving from migraine. There was an excess risk of suffering
from mood disorders [odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5, 13.5], anxiety
(OR = 5, 95% CI 1.2, 10.7) and disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances
other than analgesics (OR = 7.6, 95% CI 2.2, 26.0) in MOH compared with MIG.
Retrospective study of the order of occurrence of disorders showed that in the MOH group,
psychiatric disorders occurred significantly more often before the transformation from
migraine into MOH than after. There was no crossed-family transmission between MOH and
psychiatric disorders, except for substance-related disorders. MOH patients have a greater
risk of suffering from anxiety and depression, and these disorders may be a risk factor for the
evolution of migraine into MOH. Moreover, MOH patients have a greater risk of suffering from
substance-related disorders than MIG sufferers. This could be due to the fact that MOH is
part of the spectrum of addictive disorders. copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
ISSN 0333-1024
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Cephalalgia
Volume 25
Issue Part 7
Page 519-522
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Jul 2005