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CHAPTER Name Date Class Chapter Review The Nature of Matter Chapters 1 & 4 Models of the Atom: Understanding the Main Ideas Decide which model of the atom each of the following sentences describes. Then fill in the blank before each sentence according to the following key: DM = Democritus DL= Dalton R= Rutherford T = Thomson B = Böhr W = Wave model If a sentence seems to describe more than one atomic model, choose the model that first pictured the atom this way. ________ 1. Atoms are small, hard particles. ________ 2. An atom contains negatively charged particles called “corpuscles.” ________ 3. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike. ________ 4. In an atom, electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus, much like planets circle the sun. ________ 5. An atom is the smallest piece of matter. ________ 6. An atom is mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus in the center. ________ 7. Atoms are indivisible. ________ 8. An atom has a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a large region in which scientists can predict where an electron is likely to be found. ________ 9. An atom is made of positively charged, pudding like material through which negatively charged particles are scattered. ________10. In an atom, electrons are located in energy levels that are a certain distance from the nucleus. 2008 Book K The Nature of Matter Glance McGraw-Hill CHAPTER REVIEW Book K Chapters 1 & 4 Pg. 2 Briefly explain how these men contributed to the Science of Chemistry and the connection to atoms molecular structure. Tin (atomic number 50) has isotopes with the following atomic masses. Write the number of neutrons found in each of these isotopes on the lines provided. 120 ___________________ 110 ___________________ 130 ___________________ 118 ___________________ 124 ___________________ 109 ___________________ 132 ___________________ 115 ___________________ 122 ___________________ Why do you think all of these different atoms are still considered atoms of tin? The atomic masses and atomic numbers of two atoms are given below. In the space provided, diagram the atoms, showing the makeup of the nucleus and the arrangement of the electrons in shells. F: atomic mass -19 Al: atomic mass 27 atomic number - 9 atomic number 13 In each of the lists below, all of the terms except one are related. Circle the unrelated term. Then, give each list a title on the lines provided. electron nucleus proton neutron nucleus electron cloud electron shell molecule Dalton Democritus Newton Böhr repelling splitting fission fusion 2008 Book K The Nature of Matter Glance McGraw-Hill positive passive negative neutral CHAPTER REVIEW Book K Chapters 1 & 4 Pg. 3 An Atomic Model of Matter Key Concepts After much observation and questioning, Democritus concluded that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever. Eventually the smallest possible piece would be obtained. All elements are composed of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible particles. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike. Atoms of different elements are different. Compounds are formed by the joining of atoms of two or more elements. According to Thomson's atomic model, the atom was made of a pudding like positively charged material throughout which negatively charged electrons were scattered, like plums in a pudding. Rutherford reasoned that all of an atom's positively charged particles were contained in the nucleus. The negatively charged electrons were scattered outside the nucleus around the atom's edge. According to Bohr's atomic model, electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus, much like planets circle the sun. These orbits, or energy levels, are located at certain distances from the nucleus. According to the modern atomic model, an atom has a small positively charged nucleus surrounded by a large region in which there are enough electrons to make the atom neutral. Vocabulary Skills: Expanding Definitions Write five facts about the term nucleus. using the following words as cues. 1. Size _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location _________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Rutherford _______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Charge ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Density __________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2008 Book K The Nature of Matter Glance McGraw-Hill CHAPTER REVIEW Book K Chapters 1 & 4 Pg. 4 Classifying Matter Place the correct term in the boxes below: Matter Mixture Heterogenous matter Pure Substance Compounds Elements Solutions Homogenous matter 1. 2. 3. Homogenous matter 4. 5. Solutions 6. 7. 2008 Book K The Nature of Matter 8. Glance McGraw-Hill CHAPTER REVIEW Book K Chapters 1 & 4 Pg. 5 Subatomic Particles: Reviewing the Main Ideas Complete the following chart: Particle Proton Electron Neutron Location Mass (amu) Charge Find the Missing Numbers Use your knowledge of atomic number and mass number to fill in the missing numbers: HOW MANY? Element Atomic # Mass # Iron Sulfur Carbon Fluorine Calcium Nitrogen Copper Sodium Mercury Silver 26 16 6 56 32 Find 20 Protons Neutrons Electrons 6 9 19 40 14 7 29 35 23 201 11 80 61 47 the Missing word 1. If you know the atomic number of an atom, you also know the number of _______________ it has. 2. The_______________of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons located in its nucleus. 3. There are different kinds of atoms because their nuclei contain different numbers of ____________ 4. The difference between an atom’s atomic mass and its atomic number tells us how many _________________________ there are in the nucleus. 5. Atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses are called _______________________. 6. Atoms of the same element that have different masses have different numbers of _______________. 2008 Book K The Nature of Matter Glance McGraw-Hill CHAPTER REVIEW Book K Chapters 1 & 4 Pg. 6 Please note the order they appear in history is relevant ! ARISTOTLE THE ALCHEMISTS J. DALTON J. PRIESTLY A. LAVOISER D. MENDELEEV J.J. THOMPSON Vocabulary Skills: Understanding Relationships Explain how the following terms are related. 1. isotope: neutron ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. atomic number: proton _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. mass number: atomic mass __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. electron: electron cloud _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. isotope: mass number ______________________________________________________________ 2008 Book K The Nature of Matter Glance McGraw-Hill CHAPTER REVIEW