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Michigan Merit Curriculum • Strand 4: Social and Emotional Health – 4.2 Describe the warning signs, risk factors, and protective factors for depression and suicide. – 4.3 Identify and locate valid resources in one’s community and on the internet for information and services regarding depression and suicide prevention. – 4.4 Demonstrate how to seek help for self or others when suicide may be a risk. Depression & Suicide • Three dimensions of depression and suicide: ▫ Frequency: how often do you feel down or depressed? Every day? 3x a week? Once a month? All the time? ▫ Severity: How bad is it? Do you feel suicidal? Totally hopeless and stuck in a dark hole? Or just kind of lousy and negative? ▫ Duration: How long does it last? Until you see your partner? Until you go home for the weekend? Just a couple hours? Does it drag on for days, weeks, or even months? Have you felt somewhat The American Psychiatric Association uses these symptoms to diagnose Depression: • Deep sadness • Apathy • Fatigue • Agitation • Sleep disturbances • Weight or appetite changes • Lack of concentration • Feelings of worthlessness • Morbid thoughts Different Types of Depression • Minor Depression: a mood disorder accompanied by feelings of hopelessness, sadness, or helplessness. ▫ Diagnosed when 2 to 4 of the symptoms listed are present and last for at least 2 weeks ▫ Minor depression might go away or it may become chronic ▫ Chronic would mean a teen continues to have Different Types of Depression: • Major Depression (Clinical): This is a serious health problem that affects the total person and prompt, appropriate treatment is necessary. ▫ Remember: it is normal to have some signs of depression some of the time. ▫ But….5 or more of these symptoms that last for more than 2 weeks may indicate Types of Depression: • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): usually experienced in the Fall and Winter months, and brought on by insufficient sunlight Types of Depression: Manic-depressive or Bipolar Disorder: Another type of depression usually experienced by periods of mania, such as intensely high energy followed by periods or depression. Symptoms include: heightened mood, overconfidence, less need for sleep, unrealistic plans and ideas, irritability and aggressive behavior, racing thoughts and speech, poor judgment, concentration Clinical Depression - Check the signs you may have: Grades dropping or failing classes Lack of interest in friends/activities A persistent sad, anxious or empty mood Sleeping too little/too much Feeling guilty, hopeless, or worthless Reduced appetite & weight loss, or increases appetite & weight gain Can’t communicate your feeling to anyone Lack of enthusiasm, energy or motivation Anger & rage Overreaction to criticism Feelings of being unable to satisfy ideals Indecision, lack of concentration or forgetfulness Restlessness, irritability & agitation Problems w/ authority Thoughts of death or What causes clinical depression? • All the causes are unknown but there does seem to be biological and emotional factors that may increase the likelihood that an individual may develop a depressive disorder: ▫ Chemical imbalance: some studies show too little or too much or certain brain chemicals in some people ▫ Family history of depression may increase the risk of developing depression. GENETIC PREDISPOSITION ▫ Other factors that can contribute to depression are difficult life events (death, divorce), drug abuse, stress & side effects from some How common is it? • Clinical depression is more than most people think. It will affect more than 19 million Americans this year. ▫ One fourth of all women and one eighth of all men will suffer at least one episode or occurrence of depression during their lifetimes Is it serious? • Depression can be very serious ▫ It has been linked to poor school performance, truancy, alcohol & substance abuse, running away, & feelings of worthlessness & hopelessness ▫ In the last, 25 years the rate of suicide among teens & young adults has increased dramatically ▫ Suicide is often linked to depression Can it be treated? • Yes, depression is treatable. Between 80-90% of people with depression-even the most serious forms can be helped ▫ There are a variety of antidepressant meds and psychotherapy can be used to treat depressive disorders. ▫ The best treatment is a combination of meds to gain relatively quick symptom relief and psychotherapy to learn more effective ways to deal with life’s problems, including depression What is the most important/difficult step toward overcoming depression? ◦ The most important step and sometimes the most difficult step toward overcoming depression is The Stages of Grief/Loss Stage 1: Denial: “oh no, not me” Denial is a person‘s initial reaction to any loss. At this stage, a person who has suffered significant loss can’t believe the loss has occurred. Stage 2: Anger: “Why me?” A person next moves from denial to anger. During this stage, the person may be critical, demanding, or uncooperative. The Stages of Grief/Loss Stage 3: Bargaining: As the reality of the loss sets in, the anger begins to subside and is replaced by bargaining. Person may pray or promise to change if only the lost person/object can be returned, even for awhile. Stage 4: Depression: Often marked by silence and withdrawal Earlier feelings of disbelief, isolation, anger, and rage are replaced with a deep sense of quiet sadness The Stages of Grief/Loss Stage 5: Acceptance: this is the last stage in dealing with a deep loss While the depression stage may leave a person feeling helpless, this last stage can involve a sense of power, allowing the person to face reality in constructive ways and make significant and meaningful gestures surrounding the idea of loss