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EOC Benchmark Review #3 Ecology and Evolution There are 20 multiple-choice questions and 3 open- ended problems on this Assessment. In order to do well, you should review the following concepts. Ecology o The flow of energy through an ecosystem Food webs Food chains Food pyramids Trophic levels o The flow of chemicals throughout the ecosystem Water cycle Carbon cycle o The relationship between predator and prey o Populations and how they relate to one another o Relationship between the abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem o Symbiotic relationships Mutualism Commensalisms Parasitism o Impact of human development on ecosystems Habitat destruction Pollution Energy use and disruption of chemical cycles for example the carbon cycle and use of fossil fuels Evolution o Inheritance of acquired traits vs Natural selection o Artificial selection (selective breeding) o Adaptations and Character Traits, including emergence of novel traits (new combinations of existing genes or mutations), effects of environmental pressures, variable survival and reproductive success conferred by certain traits, gene frequencies in populations o Scientific Evidence of Evolution, including geology (fossils, radiometric dating), comparative anatomy (homologous structures, anatomical similarities), biochemistry (DNA base or amino acid sequences) o Diversity of Living Organisms, including those evolutionary processes supported by scientific evidence such as reproductive isolation, adaptive radiation, divergent evolution, convergent evolution coevolution o Mechanisms for Biological Evolution, including species’ reproductive potential, genetic variability, finite resources, natural selection