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Ancient Rome Review Scramble 1. Italy is in the __________________ of the Mediterranean Sea west of Greece, and Rome is located just inland on the Tiber River in west-central Italy. NECTRE 2. The Romans copied many things from the _________________, such as their gods and architectural styles. EGKRSE 3. Most Roman officials were elected to one-year terms and served in office with at least one other person who had the same ______________________ as themselves. SROEPW 4. The most important reason for the spread of _____________________________ was that the Romans made it legal within the Roman Empire and later adopted it as their state religion. IIRCITHSANYT 5. The Romans gained control of the southern part of the island of ______________________ from 43 to 409 C.E. ERAGT RATNBII 6. The great Roman temple famous for its huge ____________________ dome is the Pantheon. ECCONTER 7. the Roman Empire in the east and the Roman Empire in the west “fell” in 476 C.E. when the last Roman _____________________ in the west was overthrown and not replaced. ERMRPEO 8. The great mountain chain to the north of Italy is the _______________. LSPA 9. The three major periods of ancient Roman history are the Regal Period (rule by Etruscan kings), Roman __________________ and Roman Empire. EPRILUBC 10. In the early part of the Roman Republic (509 to 31 B.C.E.), __________________ (wealthy people with important family names) lost political power to the plebeians (rich and poor people who didn't have important family names). TCAPIRNSAI 11. The ______________ Period (753 to 509 B.C.E.) was the period in Roman history when Rome was ruled by Etruscan kings from north of Rome. GRAEL 12. ___________________ won the war among the members of the First Triumvirate but was killed by senators after he tried to make himself dictator for life. UJULIS SRCAAE 13. The word republic comes from the Latin term res publica. This term means "a public thing" and refers to the Romans' belief that a ___________________ should be under the control of the people. MNORVGNTEE 14. In a _______________ democracy, all citizens are allowed to vote on all issues. ERDTIC 15. In a republican, or representative democracy, citizens elect representatives to vote for them, such as when Americans elect Congressmen during a national _______________________. OLTNICEE 1 16. The center of Roman political and religious life was the _________________. ORUMF 17. The most important common people’s assembly in ancient Rome was the ________________ of the Plebeians. ICONLCU 18. The U.S. Senate is based on the ancient Roman Senate. The Roman Senate, however, DID NOT have the power to pass _______________. Instead, they gave advice to the Council of the Plebeians, and people there usually voted the way the senators wanted them to vote. WLAS 19. The Roman Senate had control over Rome's _______________ policy and had control over the empire's finances ("power of the purse"). ROFEING 20. The top government official in the Roman Republic was called a consul and is similar to the office of the __________________ of the United States. DPISRNEET 21. There were two Roman consuls, and they served as commanders-in-chief. This means that they led armies in the Roman _____________________. Each consul could also veto each other's actions. TLIYRAIM 22. The Latin term veto comes from a Latin word meaning "I _____________." OFIBDR 23. Romans came to dominate the _________________ Mediterranean region as a result of the Punic Ears. SERENWT 24. The period of civil wars that began in Roman history in around 133 B.C.E. started as a result of the Gracchus brothers' attempt to pass reforms outside of the traditional ______________ governing Rome's republican political system. UELSR 25. The individual who won the wars among the members of the First Triumvirate and was assassinated after having himself declared "_______________for life" was Julius Cesar. DOIRTTCA 26. Octavian Caesar won the wars among the members of the Second Triumvirate in 31 B.C.E. when he defeated Marc Antony and ____________________, the queen of Egypt. LCEOPTAAR 27. The Roman Senate gave Octavian Caesar the title Augustus ("revered one"). This event marks the begging of the Roman ____________________. PEMRIE 28. Augustus ruled effectively for 45 years setting precedents (examples for future emperors) that allowed the empire to thrive for about 200 years (27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E.). This 200-year period of relative _________________ and prosperity in the Roman Empire is called the Pax Romana. ACPEE 29. Augustus became so ___________________ that he could rule by suggestion. WRFLPOEU 30. In the first century C.E., Roman emperors began to provide everyday Romans with _______________ and circuses. This refers to giving poor people food and public entertainments, such as gladiator fights and chariot races, to distract them from the problems of their everyday lives so they wouldn't rebel. DBARE 2 31. During the Third Century ________________ (300s C.E.) of ancient Roman history, 20 to 25 emperors ruled during a fifty year period. ICSRIS 32. The two Roman emperors who brought some stability back to Rome in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries C.E. were Diocletian and ___________________. TONINSTNACE 33. The Roman Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire in _________________ to make it easier to rule. Each part was ruled by a major emperor and a minor emperor. This system was created to deal with local problems more effectively and to provide a system for training future emperors. Though Diocletian's successor didn't keep this system, the practice of having an emperor in the east and an emperor in the west returned later in Roman history. AFHL 34. Diocletian reorganized the empire into new ___________________ called dioceses. The Roman Catholic Church used (and still uses) this term to refer to the area of jurisdiction of Roman Catholic bishops and archbishops. ORIVSPNEC 35. Diocletian was the last Roman emperor to undertake an empire-wide persecution of _________________. RCISTHAINS 36. The Romans were master engineers that focused on engineering things to solve practical problems. The Romans didn't invent ________________ but made bigger ones and used them in innovative ways, such as in aqueducts and bridges, as well as sewer and plumbing systems. They developed waterproof concrete to build these structures. They also built domes (such as in the concrete dome in the Pantheon) and amphitheaters, such as the Colosseum (essentially two Greek theaters facing each other). HCRAES 37. The emperor Constantine moved his ____________________ to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople in 324 C.E. He did this so he could be near the eastern (richer) half of the Roman Empire. ACPLITA 38. The apostle (original follower) of Jesus whose tomb is located in St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City (Rome) is St. Peter. St. Peter was the first ________________ of Rome (the official title of the pope). Later bishops of Rome would say they should lead the Roman Catholic Church because they were successors to St. Peter. HBSPOI 39. St. ____________ (another important apostle of Jesus) was extremely important to the spread of Christianity because he convinced Christians to allow gentiles (non-Jews) to convert to Christianity. ULAP 40. After a religious experience before a battle, the emperor Constantine made the practice of Christianity _______________ within the Roman Empire (Edict of Milan, 313 C.E.). LEAGL 41. Constantine also ordered the construction of great Christian __________________, such as the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem (where Jesus was crucified and entombed) and St. Peter's Basilica (where St. Peter's Tomb is located). HUCRHSEC 42. Constantine also presided over the Council of Nicaea (325 C.E.), an extremely important meeting of bishops led by Constantine, that decided the basic principles of Christianity. For example, this 3 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. council decided the Nicene Creed, the basic statement of __________________ of Roman Catholic Christians. This statement has stayed almost the same up; to the present. HIFTA The Roman emperor who made Christianity the ________________, or state religion, of the Roman Empire was Theodosius in the 390s C.E. IFOFALCI The Roman Empire in the west gradually evolved into a series of Germanic kingdoms that blended the legacy of the ________________, Germanic culture and Roman Catholic beliefs. SARMON The hierarchy ("holy government") of the Roman Catholic Church was modeled after the government of the Roman ________________. MRPEIE The Roman Empire began to weaken in the 300s and 400s C.E. for several major reasons. First, it lost income it had acquired in the past by conquering new provinces. The Romans also sent gold and silver to China to buy goods, while the ___________________ bought little from the Romans. Inflation (the prices of goods) also increased. Finally, Germanic barbarians were gradually pushed into the Roman Empire by barbarian groups further east, like the Huns. HNCSEEI The Roman Empire in the west fell in 476 C.E., while the Roman Empire in the east lasted another 1,000 years until 1453 C.E. when their capital, Constantinople, was conquered by the Ottoman Turks. Historians call this eastern Roman Empire the Byzantine Empire because it developed a unique Greek-influenced civilization. The Byzantines called themselves ____________________. OMSNRA 4