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Download PERIOD 4 TERMS OTTOMANS Osman Founder of the Ottoman
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PERIOD 4 TERMS OTTOMANS Osman Defeat of Byzantine Empire Istanbul Sulieman the Magnificent Sultan-Vizier-Divan System Janissaries Devshirme Battle of Lepanto Ottoman-Safavid Conflict Tulip Period Founder of the Ottoman Turks 1453; by Ottoman Turks (Mehmed II) Islamic name for Constantinople (Byzantium) Last of the great Ottoman sultans Sultan-king Vizier-Governor Divan-local official Elite corp of Ottoman slave soldiers System of capturing young christian boys for janissary corp Naval battle in which united Italian city-states defeat Ottomans Islamic Ottomands defeat Persian Savavids in central Asia Time of relative peace throughout ottoman empire AFRICA Songhay Kongo King Nkuwu Royal African Company Oyo Kingdom Middle Passage West African trading nation arising after the fall of Mali West-Central African nation which lasted until Portuguese arrival Christian King of Kongo reigning during Portuguese arrival British company dominating trade in British Africa Empire of the Yoruba tribe in modern Nigeria Journey of Africans in Triangular trade system EASTERN EUROPE Peter the Great Catherine the Great Czar/Tsar St. Petersburg Grand Embassy Cossacks Ismail Shah Abbas Westernization of Muscovy state (Russia) Female Russian ruler, expansion, golden age ‘Caesar’ Ruler of Russia during empire period New forward capital of Russia, founded by Peter the Great Peter the Great’s journey west to observe western culture People of southwest Russia; served as buffer in wars Founder of Persian Safavid dynasty Greatest ruler of the Safavid Dynasty EUROPE Renaissance The Medicis Christopher Columbus Pedro Cabral Vasco da Gama Bartolomeu Dias Prince Henry the Navigator Treaty of Tordesillas Columbian Exchange New World Crops Old World Crops Epidemic Conquistadores Martin Luther John Calvin Reformation Treaty of Westphalia Edict of Nantes Counter Reformation Protestantism Bourbons Louis XIV Rebirth of knowledge of classical civilizations Wealthy patrons from Florence; funded Michelangelo In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue Portuguese explorer; responsible for claiming Brazil Portuguese explorer; first to reach India by ship Portuguese explorer; first to round tip of South Africa Portuguese founder of a school for sailors Pope divides new world between Spain and Portugal Exchange of goods and diseases post-Columbian voyage maize, tomato, potato, cacao, tobacco sugar, citrus, apple, banana, wheat Widespread outbreak of a communicable disease Spanish explorers tasked with defeating native civilization Questioned Church methods; launched protestant reformation Protestant reformer founding Calvinism; predestination Protestant religions founded throughout Europe Ended the 30 years war Made Protestantism legal in France Catholic Church attempts reform to gain back followers Christian religions which do not recognize the Pope as an authority French Dynasty includes Louis XIV and Louis XV The Sun King; great example of an absolute ruler in Europe EUROPE Ferdinand and Isabella War of the Roses Tudors Elizabeth I Spanish Armada Phillip II Mercantilism Charter Company Joint-Stock Company State Banks Enlightenment John Locke Voltaire Montesquieu Adam Smith Act of Supremacy Petition of Right English Civil War Oliver Cromwell Glorious Revolution William and Mary English Bill of Rights Constitutional Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Capitalism Commerce Commonwealth Monastic Papal Utopia Elizabeth I Encomienda Hacienda system Floating Empires Geocentric Heliocentric Huegenots Indulgences Inquisition Jesuits Scientific Revolution Thirty Years War Johannes Guttenberg Hapsburgs Lancados Rulers of Spain who sponsored Columbian voyages Houses of Lancaster & York in British power struggle The “Henry’s” of British royal history Broadened the power of England; Elizabethan age Large fleet sent by France (catholic) against Britain (Protestant); failed Sent Spanish armada in an attempt to conquer England Nations should accumulate wealth; buy less, sell more Company empowered by ruler to found colonies for state Investors buy stock in a colonial venture; Jamestown national bank; funded colonization and exploration Intellectual movement begun in France, advancing knowledge through science Enlightened British author; Social Contract; Two Treatises on Government Enlightened French author; attacked church; separation of church and state Enlightened French author; separation of powers Economic Philosopher; capitalist theory; Wealth of Nations Placed Henry VIII as head of Anglican Church Limitation on taxation by British king without parliament’s consent Parliament vs. Royalty for control; Parliament wins; Charles beheaded Leader of Parliament forces in English civil war Parliament replaces James II with William & Mary without bloodshed Protestant rulers chosen by Parliament to replace catholic James II Protections for British subjects implemented under William and Mary Power of King limited by legislative body and constitution All power rests in the King Free market driven by investment and profit Trade British term for a political community Regarding the tradition of monks and monasteries Referring to ownership by the Pope Written by Sir Thomas More exploring a perfect society British monarch during England’s Golden Age Spanish system of slavery rephrasing it “responsibility” Spanish estates driven more by status than profit Refers to Spain and Portugal’s massive wealth transported overseas Earth-centered view of the universe; WRONG; Greeks & Church Sun-centered view of the Universe; RIGHT; Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler French Protestants Payment to church for less time in purgatory Spanish persecution of non-Catholics Order of Catholicism formed in response to corruption of church Use of observation and science to understand the world Fought in Europe over religious tension between protestants and catholics Invented European moveable type printing press Austrian/Spanish ruling family Non-Catholics (especially jews) expelled from Portugal, but settled in port cities CHINA Qing Dynasty Manchu Zheng He Kangxi Manchu ruled final dynasty of Chinese history Invaders which defeat Ming and found Qing dynasty Ming Explorer of Indian Ocean for Emperor; treasure ships Qing emperor; longest ruling emperor of all Chinese history JAPAN Era of Warring States Edo Period Neo-Confucianism Bakufu Tokugawa Shogunate Nagasaki Period of intense civil war prior to the Tokugawa shogunate Reference to the Tokugawa shogunate and its capital Edo Revival of Confucianism in Japan during Edo period The office of the shogun Last of the Japanese shogunates, based in Edo Japanese port city first opened to European/American trade INDIA Mughals Shah Jahan Akbar Babur Aurangazeb Calcutta British East India Company Goa Marathas Islamic dynasty in India following the Delhi Sulatanate Mughal ruler; built Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife Greatest Mughal ruler; Expanded Mughal lands Founder of the Mughal dynasty in India Last of the Mughal rulers in India Major colonial port founded by the BEIC Corporation backed by Britain as colonial administrator of India India port city during colonial rule by Britain Challenged Mughal rule in India SOUTHEAST ASIA Batavia Dutch East India Company Straits of Malacca Entrepot Korean Turtle Boats Central city in Dutch control of Java Focused on Spice trade between SE Asia and Europe Connects Indian Ocean and South China Sea Port City; profit made when goods transfer mode of transport Partially armored Korean warship AMERICAS Montezuma Atahualpa Pachacuti Aztec Chinampa Tenochtitlan Teotihuacan Inca Quipu Mita Atahualpa Cuzco Potosi Minas Gerais Arawak Bartolome de las Casas Francisco Pizarro Hernan Cortes Codices Penisulare Creole Mestizo Mulatto Coureurs de bois Comunero Revolt Chattel Slavery Maroon Slave Society Captaincies Ruler of Aztecs upon Spanish arrival; REVENGE Ruler of Incas upon Spanish arrival First Incan ruler, unified local peoples Civilization of Central America; warlike, human sacrifice Floating islands for agriculture in Lake Texcoco; Aztec Central Aztec city located on Lake Texcoco; Serpent & Snake Pre-Aztecan civilization north of Lake Texcoco Andean civilization when Spanish arrived Method of record keeping in Incan civilization A tax of labor in the Incan empire Ruler of Incas upon Spanish arrival Capital and religious center of Incan civilization Silver mining site in Spanish empire Gold and Diamond mining site of the Portuguese empire Caribbean tribe to first encounter Columbus Spanish priest who spoke out against the slavery of encomienda Conquistador of the Incas Conquistador of the Aztecs Aztecan written histories Spanish born residents of new world New World born Europeans in the Spanish world Born of mixed parentage; European and Amerindian Born of mixed parentage; European and African French traders in the new world; lived among natives Revolt in Colombia and Venezuela against colonial rule Slaves are property with no rights Freed (escaped) slave communities in latin America Portuguese “districts” within the colonies
