Download The First Global Age 1450-1770

Unit 4 Pre-Test
HAND IN Thematic Essay Practice
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The First Global Age 1450-1770
Age of Exploration:
Causes:
- Renaissance spirit of inquiry
- Technological advancements
- Competition among European states for resources
Explorers:
- China: Zheng He (India, Africa, Arabia)
- Spain: Columbus (Caribbean)
Results:
- Imperialism/Colonialism
- Columbian Exchange – a global exchange of people, plants, and ideas.
Commercial Revolution:
-Changes in trade and business in Europe
-Rise of capitalism, increased trade, banks, and joint stock companies (British East India Co.)
-Mercantilism: economic theory based on building up national wealth by exporting more goods than you
import.
Age of Encounters:
- Spanish took all of Latin America except Brazil (Portugal)
- Strict colonial class structure
- Spanish colonies controlled by Council of the Indies
- Dutch, French and British start colonizing in 1500’s
- Develop profitable sugar-cane industry in Caribbean
Triangle Trade: the trade of African slaves between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
-Middle Passage – voyage from Africa to America
-Slave trade caused depopulation, economic decline, and racism
-British in South Asia: Brits set up economic alliance with India
-British East India Co. slowly gains economic power, then builds military & becomes unofficial
government
MesoAmerican Societies (1200s-1400s)
-Aztecs: skilled warriors who led a vast Empire in MesoAmerica
-Tenochtitlán capital city, w/ immense pyramid temples (Mexico City)
-Polytheistic – Huitzilopochtli God of War, human sacrifice
-Chinampas – “floating gardens” that grow crops
-Hernando Cortés: Spanish conquistador who defeated Aztecs w/ superior technology, disease, and
support of Aztec enemies
-Incas: Conquered immense empire in Latin America
-Cuzco capital city, linked Empire by extensive roads, collected taxes, established strict government
-Polytheistic – God of Sun, Emperor claimed divine status as son of the Sun.
-Terrace Farming
-Francisco Pizarro: Spanish conquistador who destroyed Incan empire w/ superior technology,
disease
British in South Asia: Brits set up economic alliance with India
-British East India Company slowly gains economic power, then builds
military & becomes unofficial government
West African Trading Kingdoms (1200s-1400s)
-Mali: powerful Muslim kingdom in Western gold coast of Africa
-Power based on control of gold and salt trade
-Ghana: powerful trading kingdom
Songhai: replaces Ghana and expands into largest Muslim Empire in Africa
Middle East & Southwest Asia:
-Ottoman Empire: 1453 Turkish Muslims took over territory in Middle East
-Captured Constantinople from Byzantine Empire
-South Asia: Dominated by a series of Muslim Empires
-Mughal Dynasty: (1526 – 1760)
-Akbar was Muslim and known for expansion and religious tolerance
-Taj Mahal
-downfall in 1740’s to Brits
East Asia
-China: Ruled by isolationist dynasties
-Ming – defeat Mongols and set up new dynasty Restore Confucianism
and civil service exam
-Develop Middle Kingdom mentality – China = center of earth and
civilization, rise of ethnocentrism
Manchus –Last dynasty, eventually falls after Boxer Rebellion to nationalist
forces
Japan: Ruled by Tokugawa Shogun
-Known for strict and strong central government
-Rigid class system maintained by Samurai
-Tokugawa feared foreign influence and kept Japan isolated until Meiji
Restoration occurred
Unit 4 Post Test
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6-2
11-1
2-1
7-4
12-4
3-3
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13-3
4-2
9-3
14-1
5-2
10-3
15-2