Download Conditioning

Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Where associations are made between a
natural stimulus and a neutral (learned)
stimulus.
CC Vocab
Stimulus- something that elicits a response
Response- reaction to a stimulus
Unconditioned Stimulus- stimulus that naturally elicits a
response
Unconditioned Response- automatic, natural response
to a stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus- a previously neutral stimulus
that is now associated with a natural response
Conditioned Response- a learned response to a
stimulus
Emotional Conditioning
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Example: Loud noise automatically elicits the
response of a fast heart-rate.
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Little Albert, the white rat, and a loud noise.
Little Albert– BANG!!!!!
EC Vocab
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Stimulus Generalization: Process of a response
spreading from one stimuli to another which
resembles the first
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Extinction: Gradual loss of association between
stimuli and response
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Spontaneous Recovery: Sudden, unexplained
reappearance of an extinguished response
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Conditioning that results from individual’s
actions and the consequences they
cause.
Operant Conditioning
Voluntary Response
Reinforcement
Repeat Voluntary Response
Lift extra weights at practice: Score winning
touchdown: Go back and lift more
Reinforcements

Primary Reinforcement: Something
necessary for psychological or physical
survival that is used as a reward

Secondary Reinforcement: Anything that
comes to represent a primary reinforcer
(winning)
Reinforcements

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Positive Reinforcement: A reinforcement that
strengthens a response by following it with
the addition of something positive.
Negative Reinforcement: A reinforcement
that strengthens a response by following it
the removal of something unpleasant
Positive/ Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
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Punishment and Negative Reinforcement are
DIFFERENT.
Punishment is the process of weakening a
response by following it with unpleasant
consequences.
Chaining– reinforce each step of a
back walkover
Shaping– teaching step by step a skill
that takes many phases to learn
Synchronized Diving
Schedules of Reinforcement
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Continuous Reinforcement– reinforcement given
each time a behavior occurs
Schedules of Reinforcement—different methods of
reinforcing
Partial Reinforcement Schedule—reinforcement not
given each time a behavior occurs
Variable Ratio Schedule
Fixed Ratio Schedule
Variable Interval
Fixed Interval
Variable Ratio Schedule–
reinforcement occurs after a desired
act is performed a specific but variable
number of times.
Fixed Ratio Schedule– reinforcement
occurs after a desired act is performed
a fixed number of times.
Variable Interval Schedule–
reinforcement occurs after a desired
act is performed following a variable
amount of time.
Fixed Interval Schedule– reinforcement
occurs after a desired act is performed
following a fixed amount of time.
Classical v. Operant
Social Learning
Social Learning
Learning from the behaviors of others
Observational Learning

A form of social learning where an organism
observes and imitates the behavior of others.
The Scapegoats
Who caused the…

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Versailles Treaty?
Great Depression?
World-wide Humiliation?
Versailles Treaty
The Signing
The split of Germany
The Great Depression
Anti-Semitic Propaganda
Krystal Nacht
The Nuremburg Laws
Genocide
Milgram Experiment on Obedience
Cognitive Psychology & Learning

Cognitive Approach: The study of learning
that emphasizes abstract mental processes
and previous knowledge.
CA Vocab
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Latent Learning: Learning that is not obvious but
takes place under the surface
Expectancies: Beliefs about our abilities to perform
an action and get the desired reward
Reinforcement Value: The preference of one type of
reinforcement over another (Kanye tickets vs. Dave
Matthews, you will work harder for the one you like)
Cognitive Map: A mental image of where one is
located in space
Strategies: Methods for solving problems
Latent Learning
Expectancies
Reinforcement Value
Which one do you want
more?
Cognitive Map
Strategies
PROBLEM:
Get the number 4

ANSWERS:
2+2
or
4-2
Review
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Classical Learning: Learning by Association
Operant Conditioning: Learning through
Reinforcements
Social Learning: Learning by observing and imitating
Cognitive Learning: Learning through mental
processes
I am terrified of rodents!! Use each one of these
ways to explain why I might be.