Download The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization

Name: ___________________________________________________ Block: ___________________ Date:____________________
The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization (PBS DVD)
Parts One-Four: 45 minutes + Extra Scenes (Hoplites 5 min & Role of Women 5 min))
1. The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization is narrated by Liam Neeson / Sancho Pico
2. In 570 BC, the future Athenian ruler Cleisthenes was born an Egyptian / aristocrat
3. Helenes was a pennisula we know today as Greece / Macedonia.
4. Athens was built around the Acropolis / Olympia
5. The life of an Athenian: “Peaches and Cream” / “Nasty, Brutish and Short”
6. Athens common people: “They had no part or share in anything” – Aristotle / Hippocrates
7. Greece did not have a significant mountain range / river system or fertile plains as did Egypt and
Persia
8. “It was impossible / necessary for a single ruler to dominate” the rugged land of Greece
9. For over a 1000 years, Argos / Athens had stood as a dominant city-state since the time of the Trojan
Wars
10. The Spartans were brought up from birth to be farmers / soldiers.
11. The two most famous tales the bards sung were The Iliad and The Odyssey / The Homeric.
12. In the middle of the sixth century BC a Spartan / Tyrant seized power in Athens
13. Pisistratus lowered taxes and offered free loans to allow farmers to be more prosperous / indebted.
14. “Like Ants or Frogs around a pond” – Plato’s description of the Potters / the Greeks.
15. A potter in Athenian society (just above “scum”), worked often in the red light district and were
motivated to “out-do” / “slay” each other.
16. In 527 BC Pisistratus died and his brother / son took over as new Tyrant of Athens.
17. In 514 BC Hippias’ brother was elected king /murdered. Aristotle –“he became embittered and
suspicious of everybody”
18. Once every 40 years / 4 years Greeks would gather to compete in athletic skilled events.
19. The first Olympic games were contested in 545 BC / 776BC in honor of Zeus.
20. “..a chance for any Greeks to display aristocratic / heroic qualities..”
21. The Olympic competitions included each of the following events except:
Chariot racing / running / swimming / wrestling / boxing
22. The Olympics were a meritocracy: based on skill / birth right (where anyone could win).
23. Isagarus used the Carthagians / Spartans to gain control of Athens.
24. Cleisthenes was cast out of the city along with 70 / 700 other Aristocratic families.
25. In 508 BC the last of the Spartans / Tyrants was removed by a revolution of the common people.
Cleistenes was recalled from exile and asked to form a government. He formed the ancestor to
modern theocracy / democracy based on a single vote system and created the rule of the people
through the Athenian assembly.
1
Name: ___________________________________________________ Block: ___________________ Date:____________________
The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization (PBS DVD)
Parts Five-Nine: 55 minutes “Persian War & the Golden Age of Athens”
26. 18 years after the founding of Democracy (490 BC) Phidipedes / Darius runs the first Marathon
27. The Persian Empire stretched from Italy / Turkey to India / China
28. Darius / Xerses and the Persians threatened the Greek way of life: “Struggle between freedom and
slavery”
29. The Athenians fielded 10,000 Hoplites to face the Persian threat (20,000 strong) at Marathon /
Salamis.
30. Phidipedes ran 140 / 26.5 miles in two days to be rejected by the Spartans in a call for help.
31. Themisticles showed himself at the Athenian Baths / Assembly to be one of history’s greatest
orators.
32. Clippers / Triremes were fast and maneuverable ships, designed for ramming the opposition.
33. Darius died in 486 BC and was followed by his son Pericles / Xerses. “I will burn it (Athens) to the
ground”
34. In 480 BC news reached Greece that the Persian army had set out to conquer the Assyrians / Greeks.
35. Themisticles ordered the evacuation of Athens, and the fleet of Triremes to gather at Piraeus /
Salamis.
36. The Persians burned the Parthenon / Acropolis of the abandoned city of Athens.
37. A Greek messenger suggested to the Persians: “The Delians / Greeks are afraid and plan to slip
away..”
38. Xerses watched his fleet defeated by the Greek triremes from his Golden Throne that he had sitting on
the acropolis / shore in front of the battle.
39. The Athenians founded the Spartan / Delian League in order to prevent another Persian incursion.
40. Once a year the Athenians would vote and expel someone (Ostracism). Themisticles was ostracized
because he was “a traitor” / “too big for his boots.” He died in exile in Persia.
41. Pericles was leader of Athens / Persia at the height of its power. He was an aristocrat ruling a
democracy.
42. “All kinds of enterprises should be created…source of ever lasting fame” – Themisticles / Pericles
vision.
2
43. After 20 years of remaining in ruins, Pericles planned to restore the acropolis / Parthenon.
44. The Parthenon took fifty / fifteen years to construct. It contained a fourteen / forty foot statue of
Athena.
45. Athens became the architectural / intellectual center of the ancient world.
46. “Our whole city is an education…” – Pericles / Aristotle
47. Greek comedies / tragedies showed great men falling from the heights, unable to avoid their fate.
48. 431 BC, Pericles suggests war with Athen’s oldest enemy, the city-state of Sparta / Persia.
49. The assembly embraced Pericles plan. “Peace was an interruption of war / Olympic games.”
50. Piraeus / Salamis was the harbor of Athens, connected by a long wooden walled highway.
Name: ___________________________________________________ Block: ___________________ Date:____________________
The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization (PBS DVD)
Parts: 10-15 40 minute (Extra Scene – Women)
51. Socrates appearance breaks all the rules of traditional Greek ideas about human proportion
and________________.
52. The Greeks “took the Gods out of the heavens and replaced them with ___________________”
53. _____________ began to use math and logic to explain the movement in the heavens: they created the
first sciences
54. Socrates used logic and reason to study the____________________.
55. 150, 000 people were living in Athens during the time of the great questioner, _____________________.
56. “You must make every decision based on your own understanding of what is ___________________ and
wrong” – Socrates
57. Pericles relied on his fleet to sustain Athens during the war with______________________.
58. The grain boats brought the plague that devastated Athens population: body was seized by redness
and inflammation of the eyes and uncontrollable _____________________.
59. The plague would kill over a third of Athens population and then its leader, __________________.
60. In 429 BC Pericles died after 6_____________ of lingering illness.
61. Pericles successors followed and supported the passions and prejudices of the masses to gain their
political___________________.
62. Socrates, alone against the public, said it was the “wrong thing to do” when the Athenian
_______________________were condemned to death after failing to return to Athens after a victory over Sparta
at sea with soldiers fallen overboard in the stormy seas.
63. In 415 BC a small Greek colony in _______________________ asked for aid and protection from a
threatening Spartan colony. It required an initial force of over 10,000 men.
64. In 413 BC a sailor visiting _____________________described the great defeat of the 50,000 Athenian men
on the shores of Sicily to his barbor.
65. The ________________________sided with the Spartans and provided them with a navy that could blockade
the Athenian grain convoys from Egypt and the colonies.
66. In 404 BC Athens surrendered to __________________________, the Spartan commander.
67. Only 12 of Athens navy ships were allowed to remain as part of the terms of _________________to Sparta.
3
68. Socrates was a critic. He was critical about the public affairs of Athens. Socrates was
_______________under charges of undermining the state religion and corrupting the youth.
69. “The unexamined life is not worth living for a human being.” – words of Socrates during his __________.
70. Socrates was sentenced to death and executed in the traditional Athenian manner: drinking
____________.
71. Phido recorded: “…really my friends, what a way to _____________ …” – Socrates
72. In the years after the ____________________, the Athenians developed the capacity to look at themselves.
73. Athens was never again a great ____________________ power.
74. Athens became a haven of study… Plato tried to determine the ideal society…Aristotle studied
zoology…the beginnings of an “Empire of ____________________”
75. In less than 200 years the Greeks transformed their ancient world. Ultimately these Greeks taught us
how to reason and ________________.
Fill in the blanks with the following words
Lysander
right
trial
Sparta
Generals
diarrhea
execution
Pericles
Athens
months
surrender
hemlock
support
Thought
Persians
arrested
behave
Sicily
think
imperial
Socrates
individual
Greeks
REASON
beauty
4