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Download • Anatomy = structure • Physiology = function • structure aids function
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• Anatomy = structure • Physiology = function • structure aids function • Pathology = disease = bad A&P • • • • • why study anatomy ? because you have to learn the language of health care recognize disease goals of treatment this is the story of you types of anatomical study • gross anatomy – systemic anatomy by organ system • microscopic anatomy – histology study of tissues • developmental anatomy = embryology • functional anatomy structure aids function Levels of Organization • • • • • • chemical cellular = tissue organ organ system organism unit of life group of similar cells different tissues Organ Systems • • • • • • • • • • • Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic ; Immune Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive fig 1.2 p4-5 The body works by functions, not by organ systems • • • • • movement nutrition elimination regulation reproduction Anatomical position parietal temporal pectoral iliac p 14 cervical thoracic Body Areas – Internal • • • • • • • cardiac pulmonary cutaneous gastric hepatic renal abdominal heart lung skin stomach liver kidney abdomen above , below • superior • inferior above , higher below , lower • cephalic • caudal toward the head toward the tail front , back • anterior • posterior toward the front toward the back • ventral • dorsal toward the front toward the back in , out • internal • external inside outside • superficial • deep close to surface away from surface closer , farther • proximal • distal • medial • lateral closer to attachment farther from attachment toward the midline away from the midline a couple more • parietal • visceral near the wall near the organs main body cavities • dorsal cavity – cranial cavity – vertebral cavity • ventral cavity p 12 main body cavities • ventral cavity – thoracic cavity – pleural cavity – pericardial cavity – abdominal cavity – pelvic cavity lung heart digestive organs urinary bladder reproductive organs views • planes / cuts – frontal (coronal) – sagittal – transverse • sections – Cross section – Longitudinal across width of tissue across length of tissue p9 cross section longitudinal section abdominal areas • abdominal quadrants 4 • abdominal regions 9 abdominal quadrants p 16 abdominal regions see pg 15 p 15
