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Year: 2014-15 Teacher: CORE Science Grade 8 Course: Science Grade 8 Month: All Months Atmosphere, Understanding Weather Standards Essential Questions Assessments Skills 3.3.6.A.4-Describe how water on earth cycles in different forms and How are Meteorology and the in different locations, including underground and in the atmosphere. the Atmosphere 9/22/2015 3.3.6.A.5-Describe the composition and layers of the atmosphere. interactions Explain the effects of oceans on climate. Describe how global among Earth's patterns such as the jet stream and water currents influence local systems weather in measurable terms such as temperature, wind direction measured? and speed, and precipitation. What is the 3.3.12.A.4-Classify Earth's internal and external sources of energy composition of such as radioactive decay, gravity, and solar energy. Relate the transfer of energy through radiation, conduction, and convection to Earth's atmosphere global atmospheric processes. 3.3.12.A.6-Explain how the unequal heating of the Earth's surface and how does leads to atmospheric global circulation changes, climate, local short it affect term changes, and weather. Relate the transfer of energy through human life? radiation, conduction, and convection to global atmospheric processes. 3.3.10.A.3-Explain how the evolution of Earth has been driven by interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. 3.3.10.A.6-Interpret meteorological data to describe and/or predict weather. Explain the phenomena that cause global atmospheric processes such as storms, currents, and wind patterns. 3.4.10.A.1-Illustrate how the development of technologies is often driven by profit and an economic market. 3.4.10.B.1-Compare and contrast how the use of technology involves weighing the trade-offs between the positive and negative effects. 3.4.10.D.3-Synthesize data, analyze trends, and draw conclusions regarding the effect of technology on the individual, society, and the environment. RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. RST.6-8.4-Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. RST.6-8.7-Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). Content Discuss the composition Composition of the of the Earth's atmosphere. Atmosphere Explain why pressure changes with altitude. Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature Explain how temperature Layers of the changes with altitude. Atmosphere Describe the layers of the atmosphere. Describe what happens to radiation that reaches the Earth. Energy in the Atmosphere The Greenhouse Effect Types of Winds Types of Air Pollution Summarize the Sources of Humanprocesses of radiation, conduction, and convection. Caused Air Pollution The Air Pollution Explain how the Problem greenhouse effect could contribute to global warming. Cleaning Up Our Act Explain the relationship Terms to Know: between air pressure and atmosphere, air pressure, wind direction. altitude, troposphere, stratosphere, ozone, Describes the global mesosphere, pattern of winds. thermosphere, radiation, Explain the causes of conduction, convection, local wind patterns. greenhouse effect, global Describe the major types warming, wind, Coriolis of air pollution. effect, trade wind, westerlies, polar easterlies, Name the major causes jet streams, primary of air pollution. pollutants, secondary Explain how air pollution pollutants, acid can affect human health. precipitation Explain how air pollution can be reduced. Lessons Resources Heating of the atmosphere and the Earth's surface Holt Science and Technology text and online resources 3.3.12.A.4-Classify Earth's internal and external sources of energy What Understanding weather such as radioactive decay, gravity, and solar energy. Relate the causes 10/7/2014 transfer of energy through radiation, conduction, and convection to weather? global atmospheric processes. What 3.3.12.A.6-Explain how the unequal heating of the Earth's surface leads to atmospheric global circulation changes, climate, local short weather term changes, and weather. Relate the transfer of energy through conditions, instruments radiation, conduction, and convection to global atmospheric and methods processes. do modern 3.4.12.B.2-Illustrate how, with the aid of technology, various aspects of the environment can be monitored to provide information meteorologists use to predict for decision making. 3.2.P.B.3-Analyze the factors that influence convection, conduction, weather? and radiation between objects or regions that are at different temperatures. 3.3.10.A.4-Relate geochemical cycles to conservation of matter. Explain how the Earth's systems and its various cycles are driven by energy. 3.3.8.A.5-Explain how the curvature of the earth contributes to climate. Compare and contrast water vapor, clouds, and humidity. 3.3.7.A.5-Describe basic elements of meteorology. Explain the relationship between the energy provided by the sun and the temperature differences among water, land and atmosphere. Explain how water moves through the water cycle. Define relative humidity. Explain what the dew point is and its relation to condensation. Describe the three major cloud forms. Describe the four major types of precipitation. Explain how air masses are characterized. The Water Cycle Humidity The Process of Condensation Isobars Holt and Science and isotherms Technology text and online resources Clouds Precipitation Air Masses Fronts Thunderstorms Tornadoes Hurricanes Weather Forecasting Describe the four major Technology types of air masses that Weather Maps influence weather in the Terms to Know: United States. weather, water cycle, Describe the four major humidity, relative humidity, types of fronts. condensation, dew point, Relate fronts to weather cloud, precipitation, air mass, front, thunderstorm, changes. tornado, hurricane, Explain what lightning is. lightning, thunder, Describe the formation of thermometer, wind vane, thunderstorms, tornadoes, barometer, windsock, isobars, anemometer and hurricanes. Describe the different types of instruments used to take weather measurements. Explain how to interpret a weather map. Explain why weather maps are useful. Climate and Observing the Sky Standards Essential Questions 3.3.12.A.1-Explain how parts are related to other parts in weather What are systems, solar systems, and earth systems, including how the output the factors from one part can become an input to another part. Analyze the that processes that cause the movement of material in the Earth's determine systems. Classify Earth's internal and external sources of energy climate? such as radioactive decay, gravity, and solar energy. In what 3.3.12.A.4-Classify Earth's internal and external sources of energy ways do such as radioactive decay, gravity, and solar energy. Relate the transfer of energy through radiation, conduction, and convection to latitude, prevailing global atmospheric processes. Assessments Skills Climates 10/27/2015 Explain the difference between weather and climate. Identify the factors that determine climates. Locate and describe the three major climate zones. Describe the different Content Latitude Seasons Prevailing Winds Geography Ocean Currents The Tropical Zone Lessons Resources Global warming Debate Holt Science and Technology text and online resources 3.3.12.A.6-Explain how the unequal heating of the Earth's surface winds, leads to atmospheric global circulation changes, climate, local short geography, term changes, and weather. Relate the transfer of energy through and ocean radiation, conduction, and convection to global atmospheric currents processes. affect an 3.3.12.A.7-MODELS Interpret and analyze a combination of ground- area's based observations, satellite data, and computer models to climate? demonstrate Earth systems and their interconnections. CONSTANCY/CHANGE Infer how human activities may impact the natural course of Earth's cycles. PATTERNS Summarize the use of data in understanding seismic events, meteorology, and geologic time. 3.2.P.B.3-Analyze the factors that influence convection, conduction, and radiation between objects or regions that are at different temperatures. 3.3.10.A.5-Explain how there is only one ocean. Explain the processes of the hydrologic cycle. Explain the dynamics of oceanic currents and their relationship to global circulation within the marine environment. 3.4.10.D.3-Synthesize data, analyze trends, and draw conclusions regarding the effect of technology on the individual, society, and the environment. 3.3.8.A.5-Explain how the curvature of the earth contributes to climate. Compare and contrast water vapor, clouds, and humidity. 3.2.7.B.6-ENERGY Demonstrate that heat is often produced as energy is transformed through a system. ENERGY Demonstrate how the transfer of heat energy causes temperature changes. 3.4.7.B.1-Explain how the use of technology can have consequences that affect humans in many ways. 3.3.6.B.1-Compare and contrast the size, composition, and surface features of the planets that comprise the solar system as well as the objects orbiting them. Recognize the role of gravity as a force that pulls all things on or near the earth toward the center of the earth and in the formation of the solar system and the motions of objects in the solar system. Explain why the planets orbit the sun in nearly circular paths. Describe how the planets change their position relative to the background of the stars Explain how the tilt of the earth and its revolution around the sun cause an uneven heating of the earth which in turn causes the seasons and weather patterns. RST.6-8.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.4-Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. RST.6-8.9-Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. 3.4.12.A.3-Demonstrate how technological progress promotes the Why advancement of science, technology, engineering and mathematics ancient (STEM). astronomy 3.2.P.B.5-Explain how waves transfer energy without transferring was originally matter. Explain how waves carry information from remote sources developed? that can be detected and interpreted. Describe the causes of wave How has frequency, speed, and wave length. biomes found in each climate zone. Describe how the Earth's climate has changed over time. The Temperate Zone The Polar Zone Ice Ages Global Warming Summarize the different theories that attempt to Terms to Know: explain why the Earth's weather, climate, climate has changed. latitude, prevailing Explain the greenhouse winds, elevation, effect and its role in global surface currents, biome, tropical warming. zone, temperate zone, polar zone, deciduous, evergreens, microclimate, ice age, global warming, greenhouse effect Early astronomy 11/3/2015 Identify the units of a calendar. The Stars and Keeping Time Evaluate calendars from Early Observers different ancient civilization. - The Beginnings of Astronomy Explain how our modern calendar developed. Early Astronomy Astrolabe activity Holt Science and Technology text and online resources 3.2.10.B.5-Understand that waves transfer energy without the calendar transferring matter. Compare and contrast the wave nature of light developed and sound. Describe the components of the electromagnetic over the spectrum. Describe the difference between sound and light waves. years? 3.3.10.B.2-SCALE AND MEASUREMENT Explain how scientists Who were obtain information about the universe by using technology to detect some early electromagnetic radiation that is emitted, reflected, or absorbed by astronomers stars and other objects. CONSTANCY AND CHANGE Describe and what changes in the universe over billions of years. SCALE AND were their MEASUREMENT Explain the scale used to measure the sizes of contributions? stars and galaxies and the distances between them. Why 3.3.8.B.2-SCALE AND MEASUREMENT Explain measurements and constellations evidence indicating the age of the universe. 3.2.7.B.5-Demonstrate that visible light is a mixture of many different were originally colors. Explain the construct of the electromagnetic spectrum. developed? Describe how sound and light energy are transmitted by waves. RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. RST.6-8.4-Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. RST.6-8.7-Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). RST.6-8.9-Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. Summarize how Modern astronomy began in ancient Astronomy cultures and developed into Constellations a modern science. Locating Stars Describe constellations The Size and and explain how Scale of the astronomers use them. Universe Explain how to measure Optical altitude. Astronomy Explain right ascension Non-Optical and declination. Astronomy Evaluate the scale of Terms to Know: the universe. astronomy, Compare and contrast calendar, year, refracting telescopes with month, day, leap reflecting telescopes. year, constellation, Explain why the altitude, right atmosphere is an obstacle ascension, to astronomers and how declination, celestial they overcome the equator, ecliptic, obstacle. light-year, telescope, refracting List the types of telescope, reflecting electromagnetic radiation, telescope, other than visible light, that electromagnetic astronomers use to study spectrum space. Formation of the Solar System and The Planets Standards 3.2.12. A.3-Explain how matter is transformed into energy in nuclear reactions according to the equation E=mc2. 3.3.12. A.1-Explain how parts are related to other parts in weather systems, solar systems, and earth systems, including how the output from one part can become an input to another part. Analyze the processes that cause the movement of material in the Earth's systems. Classify Earth's internal and external sources of energy such as radioactive decay, gravity, and solar energy. 3.2. P.B.1-Differentiate among translational motion, simple harmonic motion, and rotational motion in terms of position, velocity, and acceleration. Use force and mass to explain translational motion or simple harmonic motion of objects. Relate torque and rotational inertia to explain rotational motion. 3.2.10. B.1-Analyze the relationships among the net forces acting on a body, the mass of the body, and the resulting acceleration using Newton's Second Law of Motion. Apply Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation to the forces between two objects. Use Newton's Third Law to explain forces as interactions between bodies. Describe how interactions between objects conserve momentum. Essential Assessments Skills Questions What is meant A solar system is Explain the basic process of planet by the expression born 11/21/2015 formation. "we are all made Compare the inner planets with the of star dust"? outer planets. What series of Describe the difference between events take place rotation and revolution. during the Describe the shape of the orbits of the formation of a planets, and explain what keeps them in solar system? their orbits. How does the Describe the basic structure and formation of a composition of the sun. solar system explain Explain how the sun produces energy. differences in Describe the surface activity of the sun, planet and name some of its effects on Earth. compositions? Why does nuclear fusion work inside the sun and not Content The Solar Nebula From Planetesimals to Planets Planetary Motion Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation The Structure of the Sun Energy Production in the Sun The Solid Earth Takes Form The Atmosphere Describe the shape and structure of the Evolves Earth. Oceans and Continents Explain how the Earth got its layered Lessons Resources Avatar Project Holt Science and Technology text and online resources 3.3.10. B.1-Explain how gravity is responsible for planetary Jupiter when they orbits. Explain what caused the sun, Earth, and most of the are both primarily other planets to form between 4 and 5 billion years ago. composed of Provide evidence to suggest the Big Bang Theory. Describe the hydrogen? basic nuclear processes involved in energy production in a star. 3.3.8. B.2-SCALE AND MEASUREMENT Explain measurements and evidence indicating the age of the universe. 3.3.7.B.1-Explain how gravity is the major force in the formation of the planets, stars, and the solar system. Describe gravity as a major force in determining the motions of planets, stars, and the solar system. Compare and contrast properties and conditions of objects in the solar system to those on Earth. 3.3.6.B.1-Compare and contrast the size, composition, and surface features of the planets that comprise the solar system as well as the objects orbiting them. Recognize the role of gravity as a force that pulls all things on or near the earth toward the center of the earth and in the formation of the solar system and the motions of objects in the solar system. Explain why the planets orbit the sun in nearly circular paths. Describe how the planets change their position relative to the background of the stars Explain how the tilt of the earth and its revolution around the sun cause an uneven heating of the earth which in turn causes the seasons and weather patterns. RST.6-8.5-Analyze the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to an understanding of the topic. RST.6-8.7-Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). RST.6-8.9-Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.4-Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. 3.3.12.B.1-Describe the life cycle of stars based on their mass. How does the A family of Analyze the influence of gravity on the formation and life cycles location of a planets 12/1/2015 of galaxies, including our own Milky Way galaxy; stars; planet in a solar planetary systems; and residual material left from the creation system dictate of the solar system. Relate the nuclear processes involved in the type of energy production in stars and supernovas to their life cycles. conditions 3.3.10.B.1-Explain how gravity is responsible for planetary associated with orbits. Explain what caused the sun, Earth, and most of the that planet? other planets to form between 4 and 5 billion years ago. Why does Provide evidence to suggest the Big Bang Theory. Describe the basic nuclear processes involved in energy production in a star. composition between the gas 3.3.8.B.2-SCALE AND MEASUREMENT Explain measurements and evidence indicating the age of the universe. giants and the terrestrial planets 3.2.7.B.5-Demonstrate that visible light is a mixture of many differ? different colors. Explain the construct of the electromagnetic spectrum. Describe how sound and light energy are transmitted Why is the by waves. same side of the structure and how this process affects the appearance of the Earth's surface. Explain the development of the Earth's atmosphere and the influence of early life on the atmosphere. Describe how the Earth's oceans and continents were formed. List the names of the planets in the order they orbit the sun. Describe three ways in which the inner and outer planets are different from each other. Describe the current theory for the origin of the Earth's moon. Describe what causes the phases of the Earth's moon. Explain the difference between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse. Explain why comets, asteroids, and meteoroids are important to the study of the formation of the solar system. Measuring Interplanetary Distances The Inner Planets The Outer Planets Luna: The Moon of Earth The Moons of Other Planets Comets Asteroids Meteoroids How much do you weigh Holt Science and Technology text and online resources 3.3.7.B.1-Explain how gravity is the major force in the formation moon always of the planets, stars, and the solar system. Describe gravity as seen from Earth? a major force in determining the motions of planets, stars, and the solar system. Compare and contrast properties and conditions of objects in the solar system to those on Earth. 3.3.6.B.1-Compare and contrast the size, composition, and surface features of the planets that comprise the solar system as well as the objects orbiting them. Recognize the role of gravity as a force that pulls all things on or near the earth toward the center of the earth and in the formation of the solar system and the motions of objects in the solar system. Explain why the planets orbit the sun in nearly circular paths. Describe how the planets change their position relative to the background of the stars Explain how the tilt of the earth and its revolution around the sun cause an uneven heating of the earth which in turn causes the seasons and weather patterns. Compare the different types of asteroids with the different types of meteoroids. Impacts in the Solar System Describe the risks to life on Earth from cosmic impacts. The Universe Standards 3.3.12.B.1-Describe the life cycle of stars based on their mass. Analyze the influence of gravity on the formation and life cycles of galaxies, including our own Milky Way galaxy; stars; planetary systems; and residual material left from the creation of the solar system. Relate the nuclear processes involved in energy production in stars and supernovas to their life cycles. 3.3.12.B.2-MODELS AND SCALE Apply mathematical models and computer simulations to study evidence collected relating to the extent and composition of the universe. PATTERNS AND CONSTANCY AND CHANGE Analyze the evidence supporting theories of the origin of the universe to predict its future. 3.3.8.B.1-Explain how light, measured remotely, can be used to classify objects in the universe. 3.3.8.B.2-SCALE AND MEASUREMENT Explain measurements and evidence indicating the age of the universe. Essential Questions Assessments Skills Where did all of Astronomy the material on beyond the universe Earth come from? 12/22/2015 How does our galaxy, solar system and star compare to others in the universe? What does the big bang theory imply about the end of the universe? Content Describe how color indicates temperature. Compare absolute magnitude with apparent magnitude, and discuss how each measures brightness. Color of Stars Composition of Stars Classifying Stars Measuring the Brightness of Stars Describe the difference between the apparent motion Distance to the of stars and the real motion of Stars stars. The H-R Diagram Describe the quantities that When Stars Get are plotted in the H-R Diagram. Old Explain how stars at Galaxies different stages in their life cycle appear on different parts Contents of of the H-R diagram. Galaxies Identify the various types of Origin of Galaxies galaxies from pictures. The Big Bang Describe the contents of Theory galaxies. Universal Explain why looking at Expansion distant galaxies reveals what Structure of the early galaxies looked like. Universe Describe the big bang theory. Explain evidence used to show support for the big bang theory. Explain how the expansion Lessons Resources H-R Diagram activity Holt Science and Technology text and online resources of the universe is explained by the big bang theory. Minerals of the Earth's Crust Standards Essential Questions Assessments Skills 3.2.10.A.4-Describe chemical reactions in terms of atomic rearrangement How are rocks Minerals and/or electron transfer. Predict the amounts of products and reactants in a and minerals 12/22/2015 chemical reaction using mole relationships. Explain the difference between different? endothermic and exothermic reactions. Identify the factors that affect the How are rates of reactions. minerals formed 3.4.10.B.1-Compare and contrast how the use of technology involves and what role do weighing the trade-offs between the positive and negative effects. they play in today's 3.4.10.B.2-Demonstrate how humans devise technologies to reduce the society? negative consequences of other technologies. 3.2.8.A.2-Identify characteristics of elements derived from the periodic table. 3.4.8.B.1-Evaluate the societal implications of the management of waste produced by technology. 3.4.8.B.2-Compare and contrast decisions to develop and use technologies as related to environmental and economic concerns. 3.4.8.B.3-Explain how throughout history, new technologies have resulted from the demands, values, and interests of individuals, businesses, industries, and societies. 3.4.8.B.4-Explain how societal and cultural priorities and values are reflected in technological devices. 3.4.8.C.3-Analyze how a multidisciplinary (STEM) approach to problem solving will yield greater results. 3.2.6.A.1-Distinguish the differences in properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Differentiate between volume and mass. Investigate that equal volumes of different substances usually have different masses. 3.2.6.A.2-Compare and contrast pure substances with mixtures. 3.2.6.A.5-CONSTANCY AND CHANGE Identify characteristic properties of matter that can be used to separate one substance from the other. 3.4.6.A.1-Identify how creative thinking and economic and cultural influences shape technological development. 3.4.6.A.3-Explain how knowledge from other fields of study (STEM) integrate to create new technologies. 3.4.6.B.1-Describe how economic, political, and cultural issues are influenced by the development and use of technology. 3.2.7.A.1-Differentiate between elements, compounds, and mixtures. Identify groups of elements that have similar properties. Explain how materials are characterized by having a specific amount of mass in each unit of volume (density). 3.2.7.A.2-Identify atoms as the basic building blocks of matter and that elements are composed of one type of atom. 3.4.7.A.1-Explain how technology is closely linked to creativity, which has resulted in innovation and invention. 3.4.7.B.1-Explain how the use of technology can have consequences that affect humans in many ways. 3.4.7.B.2-Explain how decisions to develop and use technologies may be influenced by environmental and economic concerns. 3.4.7.B.3-Describe how invention and innovation lead to changes in society and the creation of new needs and wants. 3.3.12.A.2-Analyze the availability, location, and extraction of Earth's Content Lessons Resources Characteristics of a Explain the four Mineral Holt mineral characteristics of a mineral. identification Science and lab Technology text and online Classify minerals resources Types of minerals according to the two major compositional groups. Mineral Classify minerals using identification common mineralidentification techniques. Formation and mining of minerals Explain special properties of minerals. Describe the environments in which minerals are formed. Compare and contrast the different types of mining. Value of minerals resources. Evaluate the impact of using renewable and nonrenewable energy resources on the Earth's system. S8.B.3.3-Explain how renewable and non-renewable resources provide for human needs or how these needs impact the environment. (Reference: 3.6.7.A, 4.4.7.A, 4.4.7.C, 4.5.7.C, 3.8.7.C) RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. RST.6-8.4-Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. RST.6-8.7-Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). RST.6-8.8-Distinguish among facts, reasoned judgment based on research findings, and speculation in a text. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures Standards Essential Questions Assessments Skills 3.3.10.A.1-Relate plate tectonics to both slow and rapid changes What are the The rock cycle in the earth's surface. Describe the rock cycle and the processes major ways in 2/27/2016 that are responsible for the formation of igneous, sedimentary, which rocks are and metamorphic rocks. Relate geochemical cycles to the classified? conservation of matter. Explain how the Earth is composed of a How do rock number of dynamic, interacting systems exchanging energy or types impact the matter. areas in which 3.2.8.A.1-Differentiate between mass and weight. they were 3.2.8. A.2-Identify characteristics of elements derived from the formed? periodic table. 3.2.8. A.4-Compare and contrast physical and chemical changes How can in terms of products. studying 3.3.8. A.1-Distinguish between physical and chemical weathering. rocks help us to Compare and contrast the types of energy that drive Earth's understand systems. Earth's past? 3.2.6. A.1-Distinguish the differences in properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Differentiate between volume and mass. Investigate that equal volumes of different substances usually have different masses. 3.2.6. A.4-Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes. 3.2.7. A.1-Differentiate between elements, compounds, and mixtures. Identify groups of elements that have similar properties. Explain how materials are characterized by having a specific amount of mass in each unit of volume (density). 3.2.7. A.2-Identify atoms as the basic building blocks of matter and that elements are composed of one type of atom. 3.3.7.A.1-Define basic features of the rock cycle. Describe the layers of the earth. Differentiate among the mechanisms by which heat is transferred through the Earth's system. 3.3.7.A.2-Explain land use in relation to soil type and topography. 3.3.12.A.2-Analyze the availability, location, and extraction of Earth's resources. Evaluate the impact of using renewable and nonrenewable energy resources on the Earth's system. S8.D.1.1-Describe constructive and destructive natural processes Content Describe two ways rocks Rocks as resources were used by early humans, and describe two ways they are used today. Parts of the rock cycle Describe how each type of Identification of rocks based on rock changes into another composition and texture as it moves through the Origins of igneous rock rock cycle. Felsic -vs- mafic igneous rocks List two characteristics of rock that are used to help Characteristics of intrusive and classify it. extrusive igneous rocks Explain how the cooling rate of magma affects the properties of igneous rock. Distinguish between igneous rock that cools deep within the crust and igneous rock that cools at the surface. Identify common igneous rock formations. Intrusive igneous formations Origins of sedimentary rocks Clastic, chemical, and organic sedimentary rock Origins of metamorphic rock Contact and regional metamorphism Describe how the three types of sedimentary rock Foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic form. rock Explain how sedimentary rocks record Earth's history. Describe two ways a rock Lessons Resources Rock Holt identification Science and Technology text and online resources that form different geologic structures and resources. (Reference: 3.5.7.A, 4.4.7.B) RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. RST.6-8.5-Analyze the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to an understanding of the topic. RST.6-8.6-Analyze the author's purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text. RST.6-8.9-Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. can undergo metamorphism. Explain how the mineral composition of rocks changes as they undergo metamorphism. Describe the difference between foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rock. Plate tectonics Standards Essential Assessments Skills Questions 3.3.10.A.1-Relate plate tectonics to both slow and rapid How has the Plate tectonics changes in the earth's surface. Describe the rock cycle and surface of the 4/24/2015 the processes that are responsible for the formation of Earth changed igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Relate over its history? geochemical cycles to the conservation of matter. Explain How does how the Earth is composed of a number of dynamic, the theory of interacting systems exchanging energy or matter. 3.3.10.A.3-Explain how the evolution of Earth has been drivenplate tectonics explain the by interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, movement of atmosphere, and biosphere. plates on 3.3.10.A.4-Relate geochemical cycles to conservation of Earth's surface? matter. Explain how the Earth's systems and its various cycles are driven by energy. How can the 3.3.10.A.7-SCALE/MODELS Interpret and create models of looking at the the Earth's physical features in various mapping past explain representations. CONSTANCY AND CHANGE Relate what will constancy and change to the hydrologic and geochemical happen in the cycles. SCALE Apply an appropriate scale to illustrate major future? events throughout geologic time. CONSTANCY/CHANGE Describe factors that contribute to global climate change. 3.3.8.A.1-Distinguish between physical and chemical weathering. Compare and contrast the types of energy that drive Earth's systems. 3.3.8.A.3-Explain how matter on earth is conserved throughout the geological processes over time. S8.D.1.1-Describe constructive and destructive natural processes that form different geologic structures and resources. (Reference: 3.5.7.A, 4.4.7.B) 3.3.7.A.1-Define basic features of the rock cycle. Describe the layers of the earth. Differentiate among the mechanisms by which heat is transferred through the Earth's system. 3.3.12.A.4-Classify Earth's internal and external sources of energy such as radioactive decay, gravity, and solar energy. Content Lessons Resources Physical and Identify and describe the layers of the Earth Hot Spot Holt Science chemical layers of by what they are made of. Activity and Technology the Earth text and online Identify and describe the layers of the Earth by resources their physical properties. Define tectonic plate. Explain how scientists know about the structure of Earth's interior. Mapping the interior of the Earth Continental drift sea-floor spreading super continents Describe Wegener's theory of continental drift, and explain why it was not accepted at first. oceanic and Explain how sea-floor spreading provides a continental crust way for continents to move. Magnetic Describe how new oceanic crust forms at reversals mid-ocean ridges. convergent, Explain how magnetic reversals provide divergent, and evidence for sea-floor spreading. transform Describe the three forces thought to move boundaries tectonic plates. Describe the three types of tectonic plate boundaries. faults and folding Explain hoe scientists measure that rate at which tectonic plates move. types of mountains Describe major types of folds. Explain how the three major types of faults differ. Name and describe the most common types Relate the transfer of energy through radiation, conduction, and convection to global atmospheric processes. of mountains. Explain how various types of mountains form. Earthquakes and Volcanoes Standards Essential Assessments Skills Questions 3.3.10.A.1-Relate plate tectonics to both slow and rapid changes in How have Earthquakes the earth's surface. Describe the rock cycle and the processes that scientists used 4/17/2015 are responsible for the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and earthquakes to metamorphic rocks. Relate geochemical cycles to the conservation determine of matter. Explain how the Earth is composed of a number of Earth's interior dynamic, interacting systems exchanging energy or matter. structure? 3.3.10.A.3-Explain how the evolution of Earth has been driven by How have interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, earthquakes and biosphere. and volcanoes 3.3.10.A.4-Relate geochemical cycles to conservation of matter. Explain how the Earth's systems and its various cycles are driven played a role in the formation of by energy. 3.3.8.A.3-Explain how matter on earth is conserved throughout the Earth's surface? geological processes over time. What S8.D.1.1-Describe constructive and destructive natural processes advances have that form different geologic structures and resources. (Reference: scientists made 3.5.7.A, 4.4.7.B) in the 3.3.7.A.1-Define basic features of the rock cycle. Describe the understanding layers of the earth. Differentiate among the mechanisms by which and for casting heat is transferred through the Earth's system. of earthquakes 3.3.12.A.4-Classify Earth's internal and external sources of energy and volcanic such as radioactive decay, gravity, and solar energy. Relate the eruptions? transfer of energy through radiation, conduction, and convection to global atmospheric processes. RST.6-8.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. RST.6-8.2-Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. RST.6-8.3-Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. RST.6-8.4-Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. RST.6-8.7-Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). Determine where earthquakes come from and what causes them. Content Lessons Resources The science of Epicenter Holt Science seismology activity and Technology text and online resources Identify different types of earthquakes. Describe how earthquakes travel through the Earth. Explain how earthquakes are detected. Demonstrate how to locate earthquakes. Describe how the strength of an earthquake is measured. Distinguish between explosive and nonexplosive volcanic eruptions. causes of earthquakes types of seismic waves detection of an earthquakes epicenter why volcanoes erupt types of volcanoes distribution of Explain how the composition of magma volcanoes determines the type of volcanic eruption that will occur. types of volcanic material Classify the main types of magma and volcanic debris. types of eruptions Describe the effects that volcanoes have on Earth. Compare the different types of volcanoes. Describe the formation and movement of magma. Explain the relationship between volcanoes and plate tectonics. Summarize the methods scientists use to predict volcanic eruptions. Water on Earth Standards Essential Questions Assessments Skills Content Lessons Resources 3.3.10.A.4-Relate geochemical cycles to How does water change The flow of conservation of matter. Explain how the Earth's through Earth's natural fresh water systems and its various cycles are driven by energy. process to become 5/29/2016 3.3.10.A.5-Explain how there is only one ocean. consumable by humans? Explain the processes of the hydrologic cycle. What role does the water Explain the dynamics of oceanic currents and their cycle play in the formation relationship to global circulation within the marine and erosion of Earth's environment. 3.3.10.A.6-Interpret meteorological data to describe surface? and/or predict weather. Explain the phenomena that How does salinity and cause global atmospheric processes such as storms, temperature affect ocean currents, and wind patterns. currents? 3.3.10.A.7-SCALE/MODELS Interpret and create models of the Earth's physical features in various mapping representations. CONSTANCY AND CHANGE Relate constancy and change to the hydrologic and geochemical cycles. SCALE Apply an appropriate scale to illustrate major events throughout geologic time. CONSTANCY/CHANGE Describe factors that contribute to global climate change. 3.3.8.A.4-Explain how the oceans form one interconnected circulation system powered by wind, tides, the Earth's rotation, and water density differences. 3.3.7.A.4-Differentiate among Earth's water systems. Describe the motions of tides and identify their causes. 3.3.7.A.5-Describe basic elements of meteorology. Explain the relationship between the energy provided by the sun and the temperature differences among water, land and atmosphere. Illustrate the water cycle Describe a drainage basin. Explain the major factors that affect the rate of stream erosion. The Water Fresh Cycle water vs. Ocean Deposition water on land and in water Identify the stages of a river. Water Describe the different types of stream deposits. underground Explain the relationship between rich agricultural Underground regions and flood plains. erosion and Identify and describe the location of the water deposition table. Cave and Explain how caves and sinkholes form as a sinkhole result of erosion and deposition. formations Name the major divisions of the global ocean. Earth's oceans Describe the history of Earth's oceans. Summarize the properties of ocean water. Summarize the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere. Identify major regions of the ocean floor. describe technologies for studying the ocean floor Characteristics of ocean water The ocean floor Holt Science and Technology text and online resources