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Sentence Diagramming BI501: HERMENEUTICS English Grammar – Parts of Speech Subject The Agent of the Verb (the one “doing” the action) Predicate/Verb Verb or Verb Phrase (Existence/Action) Adjective Descriptive word (of a noun) Adverb Description word (of a verb) Object/Direct Object The thing or person to whom the action is done Indirect Object A noun that is affected by the action, that is not the direct object English Grammar – Parts of Speech Subject Verb/Predicate (Transitive Verb) Direct Object: Receives the action of a transitive verb Indirect Object: Receives the direct object EX: Emil sent his brother a postcard from the hotel. Kinds of Verbs Predicate of Existence To be (be, being, was, am, were, been) Linking (is) The key here is identifying the “to be” verb as it is diagrammed differently. I am going. We are staying. She was a bully. He is naughty. Predicate of Action Intransitive: doesn’t require a direct object Transitive: requires a direct object English Grammar – Parts of Speech Prepositions Articles Definite (the) Indefinite (a) Adjectives Adverbs Pronoun Relative (who/which) Demonstrative (this/that) Sentence Diagramming Identify part of speech 1. S, P, O, D.O, Art., Adv., Adj., Def. Art., Prep., 2. Start with the subject and its modifiers 3. Then the predicate and its modifiers 4. Finish with the object… 5. Compound subjects will be joined 6. Subject, predicate and direct object stay on the main line. 7. Modifiers are “attached” to that which they modify. Examples: Simple Sentences Note the main line The subject is first The predicate follows the line that goes vertical line that goes through the main horizontal line Understood Subjects Some sentences do not contain the actual subject, because it is understood. Example: Commands Objective Compliment (Renames the Object) Examples: Questions When diagramming questions the word order will change to fit the construct of the main line. What were you reading this morning? Remember steps… 1. Identify parts of speech “You” – Subject “were reading” – Verb/Predicate “What” – Object “this morning” – Adverbial modifier Examples: Compound Subject Examples: Compound Predicate Note: The only line that goes all the way through another line is the one separating the subject and the verb. Dotted lines separating compound parts. Placement of the main part of the sentence does not change. Examples: Adjectives and Adverbs Examples: Direct Objects Examples: Indirect Object Examples: Prepositional Phrases Nominative Phrase Adverbial Participle Verbs More Verbs Examples: Gerunds and Infinitives Examples: Predicate Nominative (noun) & Predicate Adjectives Examples: Direct Address / Interjections Reflexive Pronouns Examples: Expletives/Absolutes Complex Sentences Building Your Diagram The subject and predicate will ALWAYS be on the main line. The subject and the verb/predicate will remain on the main line regardless of the complexity of the sentence – separated by a line that goes through the main line. Building Your Diagram Modifiers will “dangle” off of the thing which they modify. Example: “Morning” modifies the predicate as it answers the question when. “This” modifies “morning” (adjective). Building Diagrams Compound subjects or predicates should be extended (above). Be sure to use a dotted line between the extension. The “compound” can be many items (2+) and separated by “and”, “or”, “but” etc… The extension should be placed on the appropriate line – main if a compound subject, dangling if object or part of a modifying phrase, on a tree** if a gerund or infinitive (see slides…). Modifying Phrases Stand (or Dangle) on Trees Practice: Identifying Parts of Speech 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Brian’s problem is serious. The workers are on the roof. The excitement of the fans is really contagious. Brevity is the soul of wit. A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds. The fighter passed out in the first round. The students turned around in their seats. A big crowd came for the parade. Practice John 14:5-6 Thomas said to Him, “Lord, we do not know where You are going, how do we know the way?” Jesus said to him, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father but through me.” Practice John 14:5-6 Demonstration: Logos If you want to practice on your own, pause presentation and work on one or all of the following: John 14:6-18 Romans 1:16-17 Hebrews 1:1-3 ***REMEMBER THE STEPS*** Romans 1:17 – Exegetical Decision N.B. The connection of faith to righteousness (5:1), not to “live”. N.B. The use of “faith” in Ch. 1-4 and “live” in 5-8. Diagramming – Final Notes Always follow the steps The most important skill to acquire through this practice is recognizing key structural elements (parts of speech). If you identify the part of speech correctly, but are a “little” off on the diagram structure used, that’s okay.