Download Motion - Gulfport School District

Science Vocabulary Terms: Force and Motion
The Force and Motion vocabulary quiz will be Thursday, January 12, 2017.
1. Position: an object’s place or location
2. Reference point: the nonmoving point from which motion is compared
3. Speed: a measure of the distance an object moves in a given amount of time
4. Velocity: an object’s speed in a particular direction
5. Acceleration: a change in motion caused by a change in velocity
6. Momentum: a measure of how hard it is to slow down or stop an object
7. Inertia: the property of matter that keeps it moving in a straight line or keeps
it at rest
8. Force: any push or pull from one object to another
9. Balanced force: a force acting on an object WITHOUT changing the object’s
motion
10. Unbalanced force: a force acting on an object that causes a change to its
motion
Lyrics for “Speed and Velocity” by They Might Be Giants
When I'm on an airplane
And we're on a runway
Ready to take off
And then we're in the air
Motion, direction, acceleration
Motion, direction, acceleration
I've got speed
That's how fast I am moving
I've got velocity
That's my speed and direction
When I'm on my Big Wheel
Skateboard, roller coaster
Race car, motorcycle
Rocket ship into outer space
Motion
(Keep movin', keep movin', keep movin')
Direction
(Which way, anyway, uptown, all around)
Acceleration
(Let's go faster)
Acceleration
(Let's go faster)
I've got speed
(That's how fast I am moving)
I've got velocity
(That's my speed and direction)
I've got speed
(That's how fast I am moving)
I've got velocity
(That's my speed and direction)
Source: http://www.metrolyrics.com/speed-and-velocity-lyrics-they-might-be-giants.html
Science Notes: Motion and Forces
 Position and Motion:
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To observe motion, you must first determine an object’s position. Position is an object’s
place or location. If an object’s position changes, the object is in motion. Motion is a
change in an object’s position over time.
Your frame of reference determines if an object is actually in motion. Frame of reference
of motion is observed when comparing the motion of an object to a background that is
not moving.
It is the perspective, or point-of-view, from which motion is observed.
THE MOTION OF ANY OBJECT DEPENDS ON YOUR MOTION WHEN YOU OBSERVE THE
OBJECT.
 Speed and Velocity:
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Speed is a measure of the distance an object moves in a given amount of time.
Speed is calculated by dividing the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time:
o Speed (S) = Distance (D) / Time (T)
Velocity is a measure of an object’s speed in a particular direction.
 Acceleration:
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ANY change in velocity (speed or direction) is considered a change in acceleration.
When an object starts, stops, speeds up, slows down, turns left, or turns right, the velocity
of that object changes to cause a change in the object’s acceleration.
THE ONLY TIME AN OBJECT IS NOT ACCELERATING IS WHEN IT IS MOVING IN A
STRAIGHT LINE AT A CONSTANT SPEED.
 Momentum:
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Momentum is a measure of how hard it is to slow down or to stop an object.
If two objects have the same velocity, the one with the greater mass has more momentum.
If two objects have the same mass, the one with the greater velocity has more momentum.
THE GREATER THE VELOCITY OF AN OBJECT, THE GREATER ITS MOMENTUM.
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Summary:
Motion is a change in an object’s position.
Speed is a measure of the distance an object moves in a given amount of time.
Velocity is speed in a particular direction.
Acceleration is any change in velocity, either in direction or in speed.
Momentum is a measure of how hard it is to slow down or stop an object; it is the product of
an object’s velocity and its mass.
The Laws of Motion
 Newton’s Ideas:
 Newton’s laws were the first to describe the movement of objects in terms of forces. His
laws of motion describe the movement of objects on Earth, but they also describe the
movement of planets and moons.
 Forces:
 A force is a push, pull, or lift from one object to another. Forces are measured in
newtons (N) or pounds (lb). Spring scales are used to measure force.
 Forces always occur in pairs.
 Magnetism, thrust, lift, drag, gravity, and friction are all forces.
 When forces act on an object without changing its motion, a balanced force is present.
 A force that causes an object to change its motion is an unbalanced force.
 The First Law of Motion (aka Law of Inertia):
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An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue moving in a
straight line at a constant speed, until acted upon by an outside force.
Inertia is the property of matter that keeps it moving in a straight line or keeps it at
rest.
The greater an object’s mass, the greater the object’s inertia.
 The Second Law of Motion:
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An object’s acceleration depends on the size and direction of the force acting on it and
on the mass of the object. F (force) = M (mass) x A (acceleration)
The size of the force: A large force acting on an object will cause more acceleration than a
small force.
The direction of the force: A force that acts on an object may cause it to speed up, slow
down, stop, or change direction.
The mass of the object: A force has more effect on an object with less mass than it has on
an object with more mass.
 The Third Law of Motion:
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For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The first force is the action force. This is the push of the first object on the second
object.
The force that pushes or pulls back is the reaction force. This is the push of the second
object on the first object.
Forces always occur in pairs.
Action and reaction forces are not balanced forces.