Download AP Unit 1 The Agricultural Transition and Early Complex Societies

AP Unit 1
The Agricultural Transition and Early Complex Societies
Reese
Mesopotamia
Cuneiform
Ziggurat at UR
Bantu Migrations, 2000B.C.E.
Harappa, 2000 B.C.E
“The fourfold divisions of castes was created by me according to the appointment of
qualities and duties… distinguished according to the qualities born of nature… Performing
the duty prescribed by nature… one should not abandon a natural duty though tainted
with evil” – The Bhagavad Gita
The Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties, 2200-256 B.C.E
Period of Warring States, 404-221 B.C.E / Qin (unity)
New genetic evidence suggests that the Americas were populated by
three waves of migrants from Siberia: one large migration about 15,000
years ago, followed by two lesser migrations.
Pre-Columbian Language Groups
Olmec and Maya Empires (300–1100ce)
Olmecs, 1200-100B.C.E.
Teosinte to Maize
San Lorenzo Head, 900B.C.E
Jade Knife
Teotihuacan, 200 B.C.E. – 750C.E.
The City of the Gods
Mayan Empire,
300 – 1100 C.E.
Tikal
Kukulacan at Chichen Itza
Mayan Alphabet
Mayan Calendar
“Birth is misery; old age is misery; disease is misery; death is misery;
sorrow… grief… to wish for what one cannot have is misery… This , O
Priests, is called the noble truth of misery… The Ear, the nose, the tongue,
the body… the mind is delightful and agreeable to men; there desire springs
up and grows, there it settles and takes root.” - the Four Noble Truths
“Every man intent on his own respective duties obtains perfection. Listen,
now, how one intent on one’s on duty obtains perfection. Worshiping, by the
performance of his own duty, him from whom all thins proceed, and by whom
all this is permeated, a man obtains perfection… One who is self-restrained,
whose understanding is unattached” – The Bhagavad Gita
Plato’s Allegory of the Cave
How can humans live a fulfilling, happy life in a contingent, changing world?
Our Subjective Understanding of Life
Emotion
Experiences
My Beliefs
Stories
Customs
Which world proves you meaning?
My World
Subjective
 Emotional
 Personal
 Belief
 Myth
 Why?

The World
Objective
 Logical
 Universal
 Fact
 Science
 How?

German Kingdoms and the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium), 550C.E.
The Silk Roads, 200 BCE – 300CE
Collapse of the Han China – Xiongnu Empire
"All praise is due to Allah, so we praise Him, and seek His pardon and we turn to Him.
We seek refuge with Allah from the evils of ourselves and from the evil consequences of
our deeds…His is the sovereignty and to Him is due all praise. He grants life and causes
death and is Powerful over everything. There is no God but Allah”
- The Sermon of The Holy Prophet (Muhammad) on His Final Pilgrimage to Ka'aba
Teachings of Islam:
 Umma
 The Five Pillars (Hajj)
 “Seal of the Prophets”
 Caliph
- Sunni and Shi’a
 Jihad: To Struggle
- Internal struggle of faith
- “Just moral-social order”
- struggle to defend Islam
 Qur'an and Shari’a Law
(Rituals, Morals, Social Conduct)
Islamic Institutions:
 Hadith
 Madrasas
 Ulama and Qadis
Expansion:
 Sufi Missionaries
 Merchants
 Camels/Empires
 Compass, Lateen Sails…
“You know that every Muslim is the brother of another Muslim.You are all equal… I leave
behind me two things, the Qur'an and my example, the Sunnah and if you follow these you
will never go astray.”
The Umayyad Dynasty
- Favored the interest of the Arab Military Aristocracy
- Jizya; military expansion
The Abbasid Dynasty
- “Dar al Islam” / Ulama, Qadis…
- Persians, Egyptians… played leading roles in gov
Postclassical India
North/Islam:
Sultanate of Delhi
1206 – 1526
Mughal Dynasty
1526-1858
South/Hindu:
Chola Kingdom
850-1267
Vigayanagar Kingdom
1336-1568
Hindu Cultural Influence of the Postclassical Era
Long-Distance Trade
Khmer Empire/ Kingdom of Angkor, 802-1431
Angkor Wat-”Temple City” to Vishnu
Carolingian/Frankish Empire, 481-845
Fealty,(allegiance) Homage (submission), Fiefs (land)
-The Nobility, Clergy and the bonds of the Peasantry
Invasions of Early Medieval Europe: Vikings, Magyars, Muslims
Medieval Europe, about 1100ce
Classical and Postclassical Nomadic Invasions:
Europe:



Huns, Franks,Vandals… (450-850)
Vikings, Muslims, Magyars (793-1066*)
Ottoman Turks: Collapse of Byzantium (1453)
Southwest Asia:


Ottoman Empire (1443 -1919)
Safavid (Persia) Dynasty (1501 – 1722)
South Asia:


Turks – Sultanate of Delhi (1206 – 1526)
Mughal Dynasty (1526 – 1858)
East Asia:


Xiongnu – Han Collapse (220)
Mongols – Yuan Dynasty (1279 – 1368)
The Ottoman Empire:
Ghazis
 Dar al Islam:
- Cairo, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
Social-Political Organization:
 Devshirme System/ Janissaries
 Jizya / Dhimmi
 Millets (Ethnic/ Religious Groups)

Mughal Empire:
 (1526 – 1858)
Safavid (Persia) Dynasty
1501 – 1722/ Shia
Mansa Musa/ Mali Empire
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Gold Mines
The Summa Theologica,Thomas Aquinas
The Existence of God can be proved in five ways. The first and more manifest way is the
argument from motion. It is certain, and evident to ours senses, that in the world some things
are in motion. Now whatever is moved is moved by another… Therefore, whatever is moved
must be moved by another… it is necessary to arrive at a first mover, moved by no other; and
this everyone understands to be God.
The second way is from the nature of efficient cause. In the world of sensible things we find
there is an order of efficient causes. There is no case known (neither is it, indeed, possible) in
which a thing is found to be the efficient cause of its self; for so it would be prior to itself,
which is impossible.
The third way is taken from possibility and necessity , and runs thus. We find in nature things
that are possible to be and not to be… Therefore, if at one time nothing was in existence, it
would have been impossible for anything to have begun to exist; and thus even now nothing
would be in existence – which is absurd.
The fourth way is taken from the gradation to be found in things. Among beings there are
some more and some less good, true, noble, and the like. But more and less are predicated of
different things according as they resemble in their different ways something which is the
maximum,… Therefore there must also be something which is to all beings the cause of their
being, goodness, and every other perfection; and this we call God. Great Chain of Being