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Potential VS. Kinetic Energy Energy – The ability to do work How is energy involved in the following picture? The tennis player does work On her racket The racket does work on the ball The ball does work on the net Energy Video http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=2FBE6C5D-0DD3-4210-B4761A679001C8EE&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US What is energy? • “the ability to do work” • Examples: light energy, heat energy, mechanical energy, gravitational energy, electrical energy, sound energy, chemical energy, nuclear (atomic) energy. • These forms of energy can be transferred and transformed between one another. This is of immense benefit to us. • The combination of energy and matter make up the universe: –Matter is substance, and energy is the mover of substance. STATES OF ENERGY Potential - Stored Energy or energy that is waiting to be transferred. -Object is not moving or doing work. -When work is done on an object, potential energy is stored. -Has the ability to turn into kinetic energy. What is Potential Energy? o Energy that is stored and waiting to be used later Examples: stretched rubberband, roller coaster at the top of a hill, a diver at the end of the diving board waiting to jump. STATES OF ENERGY Kinetic - The energy of motion, when energy is being transferred. The faster the motion, the more kinetic energy it has. The bigger the mass, the more kinetic energy it has. What is Kinetic Energy? o Energy an object has due to its motion o Examples: roller coaster going down a hill, baseball flying through the air, wind blowing, etc. Potential • energy of position or energy in storage. – Water behind a dam – Hammer over head – Food on the plate Kinetic • energy of motion, the form capable of doing work – Flowing water – A falling hammer – Electrons regenerating ATP in a bio’l cell The Roller Coaster http://www.ohiomathworks.org/themeparks/coastequation.gif Energy Conversions • The process of changing one form of energy into another form of energy. Conservation of Energy o Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes form o Examples: roller coaster going down a hill, baseball flying through the air, etc. The Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Conservation of Energy How is all energy divided? All Energy Potential Energy Gravitation Potential Energy Elastic Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Chemical Potential Energy What is Gravitational Potential Energy? o Potential energy due to an object’s position. o P.E. = mass x height x gravity Don’t look down, Rover! Good boy! Gravitational Potential Energy Depends on: 1) Mass 2) Height of object (more height = more potential). 3) Gravity pulling on object (objects on earth would have more potential energy than objects on the moon due to more gravitational pull on earth). What is Elastic Potential Energy? o Potential energy due to expansion or compression of an elastic object. Notice the ball compressing and expanding Elastic Potential Energy • Examples: What is Chemical Potential Energy? o Potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of an object Chemical Potential Energy Factors that Affect Potential Energy • m = mass (kg) • h = height (m) • g = accel due to gravity – (9.8 m/s2) Factors that Affect Potential Energy • Mass= the more mass an object has, the more potential energy it has. Factors that Affect Potential Energy • Height = the higher the object is placed, the more potential energy it has. Factors that Affect Potential Energy • Gravity = the more gravity pulling on an object, the more potential energy it has. Factors that Affect Kinetic Energy • Mass = the more mass an object has, the more kinetic energy it has. Why would a high speed collision cause more damage than a low speed collision? Factors that Affect Kinetic Energy • Speed or Velocity = the more speed an object has the more kinetic energy it has.