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Potential VS. Kinetic Energy
Energy – The ability to do work
How is energy involved in
the following picture?
The tennis player does work
On her racket
The racket does work on the
ball
The ball does work on the
net
Energy Video
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=2FBE6C5D-0DD3-4210-B4761A679001C8EE&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
What is energy?
• “the ability to do work”
• Examples: light energy, heat energy,
mechanical energy, gravitational energy,
electrical energy, sound energy,
chemical energy, nuclear (atomic) energy.
• These forms of energy can be transferred and
transformed between one another. This is of immense
benefit to us.
• The combination of energy and matter
make up the universe:
–Matter is substance, and energy is
the mover of substance.
STATES OF ENERGY
Potential - Stored Energy or energy that
is waiting to be transferred.
-Object is not moving or doing work.
-When work is done on an object, potential
energy is stored.
-Has the ability to turn into kinetic energy.
What is Potential Energy?
o Energy that is stored
and waiting to be
used later
Examples: stretched
rubberband, roller coaster
at the top of a hill, a diver at
the end of the diving board
waiting to jump.
STATES OF ENERGY
Kinetic - The energy of motion, when
energy is being transferred.
The faster the motion, the more kinetic
energy it has. The bigger the mass, the more
kinetic energy it has.
What is Kinetic Energy?
o Energy an object has due
to its motion
o Examples: roller coaster
going down a hill, baseball
flying through the air,
wind blowing, etc.
Potential
• energy of position
or energy in
storage.
– Water behind a dam
– Hammer over head
– Food on the plate
Kinetic
• energy of motion,
the form capable of
doing work
– Flowing water
– A falling hammer
– Electrons regenerating
ATP in a bio’l cell
The Roller Coaster
http://www.ohiomathworks.org/themeparks/coastequation.gif
Energy Conversions
• The process of changing one form of
energy into another form of energy.
Conservation of Energy
o Energy cannot be created
or destroyed, it only
changes form
o Examples: roller coaster
going down a hill, baseball
flying through the air, etc.
The Law of Conservation of
Energy
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it
may be transformed from one form into
another, but the total amount of energy
never changes.
Conservation of
Energy
How is all energy divided?
All Energy
Potential
Energy
Gravitation
Potential
Energy
Elastic
Potential
Energy
Kinetic
Energy
Chemical
Potential
Energy
What is Gravitational Potential
Energy?
o Potential energy
due to an object’s
position.
o P.E. = mass x
height x gravity
Don’t look down,
Rover!
Good boy!
Gravitational Potential Energy
Depends on:
1) Mass
2) Height of object (more height =
more potential).
3) Gravity pulling on object (objects on
earth would have more potential
energy than objects on the moon
due to more gravitational pull on
earth).
What is Elastic Potential Energy?
o Potential energy due to expansion
or compression of an elastic object.
Notice the ball compressing
and expanding
Elastic Potential Energy
• Examples:
What is Chemical Potential Energy?
o Potential energy
stored within the
chemical bonds of
an object
Chemical Potential Energy
Factors that Affect Potential
Energy
• m = mass (kg)
• h = height (m)
• g = accel due to
gravity
– (9.8 m/s2)
Factors that Affect Potential
Energy
• Mass= the more
mass an object
has, the more
potential energy it
has.
Factors that Affect Potential
Energy
• Height = the higher the
object is placed, the more
potential energy it has.
Factors that Affect Potential
Energy
• Gravity = the more
gravity pulling on
an object, the more
potential energy it
has.
Factors that Affect Kinetic
Energy
• Mass = the more
mass an object has,
the more kinetic
energy it has.
Why would a high speed collision
cause more damage than a low
speed collision?
Factors that Affect Kinetic
Energy
• Speed or Velocity =
the more speed an
object has the
more kinetic
energy it has.