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Transcript
Grade 8 Science Chapter 2 Vocabulary Unit 1 Salinity – The amount of salt dissolved in a specific amount of water. Drainage System – the area of land from which water drains into a certain body of water. Volcanic action – when heat and dust is coming from volcano Erosion - weathering away of rocks Plate Tectonics – huge rock plates that slip and slide under the earth’s crust and on top of the mantle. Glaciation – freezing of fresh water into large slabs of ice that usually does not thaw easily. Continental margin – the continental shelf and slope together. Continiental shelf – made from erosion of run off, located off the shore of land before the ocean basin. Continental Slope – where the continental shelf plummets downward to the ocean basin. Abyssal Plain – The wide open regions of the ocean floor between the continents and the mountain ranges at the centre of the ocean. Mid ocean ridge – mountain range made by volcanic magma coming up through the ocean basin because two tectonic plates opened up. Sonar – used to measure depth of ocean – echo location.Sound wave goes down and comes back to the ship.If it takes a short time for wave to come back – shallow water.Visa versa Depth probe – piece of equipment used to measure depth of the ocean. Coriolis Effect – The change in the direction of winds and currents caused by the rotation of earth. Satellite image – image received by satellite using radar,infrared light or other technologies. Core Sampling – taking a large crosssection on land or ice from the earth to investigate it. Submersible– strong machine vehicles that go into the water at great depths Ocean currents – rivers of wtaer that run through the ocean Labrador Current – cold water current from labrador that goers down by NL and then to the Grank Banks Gulf Stream Current – warm water current comes by NL from the Gulf.Goes to the Grand Banks Surface Currents – currents on surface of water controlled by wind,coriolis effect and the size of the continents. Coriolis effect – for surface currents, currents go clockwise in northern hemiphere and counter clockwise in southern hemisphere. Deep Currents – currents that run deep in the ocean controlled by salinity and the ocean’s water temperature. Wave – the action of wind on the water Wave Length – Distance from one wave crest to the next; length of one unit of a wave that repeats itself. Wave Height – Distance from wave crest to wave trough. Crest – top of a wave Swell – offshore wave with a trough,crest, and trough. Breaker – inshore wave with just a trough and crest – gets higher in height as it comes into shore. Trough – Lowest part of a wave. Tsunami – A giant wave caused by an earth quake volcanic eruption or landslide on the ocean floor. Tide – slow rise and fall of the ocean based on the position of the sun,moon and earth. Tidal range – difference in high tide and low tide Spring Tide – The largest tidal range that occur when Earth, the Moon, and the Sun are in a line. Neap Tides – smallest tidal range when sun,moon and earth are at right angles. Bays – Indented areas of coastland or areas in the coastline that are in between headlands. Shoreline – formation of land which makes up the headlands and the beaches. Wave energy – circular movement of force going through the water Headlands – shoreline rock marking the beginning and end of a bay made of igneous rock. Bays – areas of land that in between headlands usually called beaches Beach – area where you will find sand or small rocks between two headlands Sand Bar – area of high land in the ocean caused by deposits in the form of sand Sea Cave – erosion of sedimentary rock caused by waves action making a large indentation Sea Arch – when a sea cave has completely been eroded through Sea Stack – when the top of a sea arch falls into the ocean- what is left. Breakwater – structure built to prevent erosion on shorelines Jetty – wood structure to prevent erosion on either side of a waterered area Wharf – wooden structure built to dock boats so boats will not be grounded and can stay in deep water