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Paleolithic/Neolithic/River Valley Civilizations Study Guide. Be identify/ know the importance for each term: Paleolithic – old stone age Neolithic – New stone age Civilization - all components plus writing History – written record Agricultural Revolution – another term for the Neolithic period Fertile Crescent – area of Mesopotamia Mesopotamia – land between two rivers – Tigress and Euphrates Hominid – walk erect Lucy – oldest hominid discovered 3 million years old Ethiopia Animism - Religion of worshiping sprits of trees, rivers, sun etc. Polytheism – Worshiping several to many deities usually in Idol form. Nomad – hunter gathers Sedentary – living in one area Cuneiform - first known writing of Summer 3500 BCE Sumer First known Civilization Epic of Gilgamesh –Sumerian oldest written story (similar to Noah’s Arch and the great flood Mandate of Heaven –Chinese belief that a rule gets authority to rule from the gods, but if he abuses power he shall fall Dynasty – Rule based on family and heredity Dynastic Cycle – Rise to power based on mandate of heaven, rule just and fair, expansion of territory, wealth, corruption, loss of mandate of heaven. New rules rise to power Hammurabi's Code – King Hammurabi of Babylon first written code of laws Aryan – Indo Europeans who invaded India and quickly merged cultures Vedas – Early religion the Aryans brought to India, would be the foundation for Hinduism Caste System – rigid social order of India based on birth Hominids Paleolithic Age 3-2.5 Million BCE Homo Sapiens 120,000 BCE Neolithic Age 8,000 BCE Sumer Mesopotamia Civilization and History 4000 -3500 BCE New Stone Age Agricultural Revolution Writing (Cuneiform) Beginning of Civilization and history Quick Answer: Who was Lucy? Oldest known Hominid Where did she live - Ethiopia Why is this country known as the cradle of humanity? This is where the descendants modern Homo sapiens first emerged How many years of evolution has it been since Lucy walked Earth? 3 million years How did Anthropologists s demonstrate a tie from Lucy Hominid to current day Homo sapiens? The study skull evolution over time. Your above answer is what type of evidence? Empirical Paleolithic Age means - Old Stone Age how long ago did modern man first appear? 120,000 years ago What technology did the Paleolithic Age produce? simple stone tools, spears, arrow heads, fire, needles, grinding, bowls 1, What was the social order during the Paleolithic Age? Family unit, Kin, tribe 2, What was meant by Hunter Gathers? Nomadic people who followed animals and gathered (forging) fruits, nuts, etc. 3. Why would the Hunter Gather be reluctant to join a civilization? Tradition, way of life, religion, 4. Why was it asserted that women and men were basically equal during the Paleolithic Age? While both had different responsibilities both were equally needed for survival 5,Why is it a general rule that as a society becomes more complex the amount of equality for women diminishes? due to specialization of jobs women were relegated to the home and family. 6. Know the Gender division of labor for: men: warriors, political, religious leaders, artisans, architects. Women: field work, care for children and home Paleolithic/Neolithic/River Valley Civilizations Study Guide. 1. What is animism? Spirit worship of nature, rivers, grass, trees 2, How is polytheism different from animism? Polytheism refers to worship of several diesis or gods usually represented as idols 3. What religious acts did Paleolithic people do and how do we know?Buried dead, after life, Ceremonies, animism. Cave paintings, artifacts found. (Ice Man) 4. What were the intellectual characteristics of the Paleolithic people or how did they express themselves? Through Music, Art, Dance 5,What was the major accomplishment of the Paleolithic Age? The spread of people worldwide (see map on reading) The Neolithic Age” 1.What does Neolithic mean? New Stone Age 2. What is this age also referred to? Agricultural Revolution 3. 8000 BCE = 3500 BCE what caused the start of the Neolithic Age and caused the end of the Neolithic Age Begin Farming – End rise of Civilization 4. what technological development happened during this age and its impact i.e.. with the invention of the plow population goes from 5-8 million to 60- 70 Million. Potter’s wheel irrigation copper metal Gold work 5. What kind of architecture is the Neolithic age known for? What cities had this architecture? Megalithic Puma Punka, Catal Huyauk, Early Inca cities, Nazca lines. Catal Huyuk and Jerchico were examples of what type of cities and how old are both? Rise of Civilization 1. What is Sumer in Mesopotamia famous for? First civilization, beginning of history 2. What modern country would Sumer be located in? Iraq 3. What are the elements of civilization what is the final step in reaching civilization? 1 Agriculture farming surplus of food 2 Sedentary 3 Complex city and trade 4 Specialization of jobs 5 distinct social classes 6 Writing 4. What do all early civilizations have in common? They emerged around rivers, agricultural, Bronze 5. Be able to tell what factors led to the individualization of each of the early civilizations Geography and location: China = mountains, jungle, desert ocean led to Isolation. Feeling of being in the center of the universe middle kingdom Mesopotamia, Sumer, city states warring with each other, crossroads for trade Egypt - united city states along Nile River 6. What is the order of metal in the evolutionary process of technological development? Copper, bronze, iron 7. What ended the River Valley civilizations? They expanded into empires (Greece, Rome, Etruscan) 8. What is the main characteristic of the first civilizations? Cities adopt writing along river valley, agricultural 9. What is the main characteristic of the Classical Period? Empire, Migration and Trade 10 Post Classical - Empire grows too big, collapse. Cycle of Civilization Paleolithic/Neolithic/River Valley Civilizations Study Guide.