Download Unit I

Paleolithic Era
But First!
A Song!
Chinese Dynasties Song
(Sung to Frere Jacques)
Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
Sui, Tang, Song
Sui, Tang, Song
Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic
Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic
Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong
Zhou = joe
Sui = sway
x = sh (Xiaoping)
q = ch (Qin & Qing = Chin & Ching)
• Time:
• B.C.E = Before (the) Common Era
• C.E. = Common Era
• Prehistory (Prehistoric era)
• Paleolithic – “Old Stone Age”
• Paleo – “old”/Lithic – “stone”
Paleolithic Society
• Hunting & Gathering
– Social Class?
• Men = Hunters
• Women & Children = gatherers
– Usually accounted for more calories
• Nomadic Cycles – wandering or a plan?
Paleolithic Groups
• Non-Nomadic
• Natufian – 13,500 B.C.E
– Modern day Israel and Lebanon
• Jomon – 10,000 to 300 B.C.E.
– Modern central Japan
• Chinook – 3,000 B.C.E.
– Pacific Northwest – Washington, Oregon, British
Columbia
Atlatl
Cave Paintings
• Lascaux in France
• Altamira in Spain
Venus Figurines
• Fertility
• “Meaning of Life”
questions
Your Task
• What are the characteristics of the
Paleolithic Age? The Neolithic Age?
• What is the Agricultural Revolution
(Transition)?
• What were the major causes/reasons for
the end of the Paleolithic and the
beginning of the Neolithic?
Early Civilizations
Bronze Age
Early Metallurgy: Copper + tin = Bronze
First use? Mesopotamia circa 40003000BCE
By 1500-1000BCE Mesopotamia had
developed iron weapons/tools
Iron diffused throughout SW Asia
Why?
Mesopotamia
Tigris & Euphrates
Tech: Irrigation -> increased food supply ->
population increase
City-State: Sumer (5000 BCE)
“First” Cities: Ur and Babylon
Historic breakthrough: First writing system
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Sumerian cuneiform
Polytheistic
Ziggurats
Sumer was largest city-state –
organized to maintain peace and
stability
Large public-works projects:
Canals, bridges, & irrigation
Model of a Ziggurat
Ziggurat in Iraq
Sumerian Cuneiform
Cuneiform Tablet
Mohenjo-Daro
Mohenjo-Daro Dancing Girl
Sanskrit
Egyptian Hieroglyphs
Rosetta Stone
Temple of Karnak
Aten Sun Disc
Terracota Soldier
Prehistoric Sites of Anatolia
Olmec Head Statues
Lion Gate of Mycenae
Minoan “Snake Woman” &
Fisherman
Minoan Vase Art
Silk Roads
The Assyrian Question
• Why have historians called the Assyrian
Empire of the first millennium B.C.E. the first
true empire?
• How were the Assyrians able to conquer and
control such a large and diverse empire?
First “True” Empire
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Diverse population
Large land area
Expansion
- Self-defense
- Trade
- Resources
• Imperial Core & Periphery
• Emergence of Capitals
How?
• Military & Technology
• Land distribution (Land grants,
Theme System, “Fight for land”)
• Diverse military
• Technology – IRON!
• Bureaucracy
• Terror
• Mass Deportations
PERSIAN EGYPT (example)
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(P) – Politics
(E) – Economics
(R) – Religion
(S) – Society
(I) – Intellect
(A) – Arts & Architecture
(NG) – Near Geography
Got it? Follow along!
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Egypt – 1 of 4 River Valley civilizations
Based on the Nile (NG)
Flooding (NG)
Small towns – occasional Mas projects
(pyramids) (A)
• Three Kingdoms – Old, Middle, New (P)
• New Kingdom – height in 1400BCE (P)
• Nile to lower Turkey (P, NG)
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Old Kingdom – Menes I (King Menes) (P)
Memphis (P, NG)
Unified Egypt = wealthy Egypt (P, E)
Leader = Pharaoh – divine right/son of the
gods (P, R)
• Public works – pyramids (tombs), obelisks,
irrigation & canals (R, A)
• Writing – hieroglyphs (spiritual writings) (R, I,
A)
• Led to:
• Religious writing, record keeping, and early
science:
• Astronomy = calendar (I)
• Trade (E)
• Akhenaten (Pharaoh Amenhotep IV – 13531335 BCE) (P, R)
• Monotheism – Aten (previously poly – AmonRe)
• Capital city – Akhetaten (“Horizons of Aten”)
• Monotheism ended with his death (R)
• Trade goods: timber, stone (marble), gold and
spices (E)
• Religion – polytheistic (R)
• Afterlife (R)
• Mummification (R)
• Pyramids = tombs (R, A)
• Women (S)
• Enjoyed high status, buy, sell, & inherit
property. (S)
• Give or “will” property (S)
• Divorce for special circumstances (S)
• Main role: birth (S)
• Boys more educated than girls (S)
• Queen Hatshepsut – expanded trade (P, E, S)
Social Structure
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Lowest – peasants & slaves (S)
Worked fields and projects (S, E, A)
Half of labor to pharaoh (E, S)
Slavery – heredity (S)
• Nubian Influence - agriculture
• Nubia south of Egypt (modern day Sudan)
(NG)
• Heavy reliance on agriculture (E)
• - Irrigation (I)
• More food = more population (E)
• Canals, dykes, crop rotations (E, I)
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Nubia/Egypt relations – trade (E)
Gold, ivory, ivory, & Precious stones (S, E)
Tensions between (P, E)
Nubia creates kingdom of Kush (capital of
Kerma) (P, E)
Fall & Decline
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1100 BCE – decline – why?
Invasions: (P)
Hyksos (Bronze, chariots/horse)
Assyrians
Persians
Greeks
Rome
• Task:
• Describe the Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt
• Describe the Rise and Fall of (Insert Empire
here)
• West Africa (NG)
• River Valley civilizations? -> Niger and Benue
river valleys (NG)
• Mass migrations – Bantu (P, NG)
• South & Eastern migrations (NG)
• Why – climate issues?
• Sahara
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Bantu language (I)
1500 BCE – next 2000 years
Moved into nomadic areas (Nomads settled)
Upper-Niger region – Jenne-Jeno (NG, A)
1st African city?
Jenne-Jeno – how is it different than other
cultures?
Gender Issues in Unit I
Paleolithic Women
Neolithic Women
• Child-birth and nurturing
of children
• Gathered food – berries,
nuts, edible plants
• Most of Paleolithic man’s
diet was from gathering
• Socialization/1st teachers
• Religious figures
• Child-birth and nurturing
of children
• Worked farms
• Family size increased due
to farming
• “Role” was established
• Socialization/1st teachers
• Religious figures