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Block 1-3 List of work due on 9/19 even classes 9/20 odd classes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Wcw 22.2 22.3 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 WCW paper Warm-up 9/11even 9/12odd Describe Light. Warm-up 9/13 even 9/16 odd Explain the term Eclipse. Critical thinking Explain a graph type. Critical Thinking Describe a shadow Wrap-up Describe the difference between Independent and dependent variables Independent- can be changed Dependent- changes with no control Wrap-up Describe why we don’t see many eclipses. Warm-up 9/17 even 9/18 odd Name the first four planets (Terrestrial planets) MVEM Name the next four planets (Jovian planets) JSUN Warm-up 9/19 even 9/20 odd Critical thinking Explain the main differences between the Terrestrial and Jovian planets. Critical Thinking Wrap-up Explain how the Solar system was created. Planetary nebulae- contracted to form planets and moons Wrap-up 22.2 The Earth-Moon Sun System Key concepts 1. In what ways does Earth move? Rotation around the axis, Revolution around the Sun, Precession=wobble 2. What causes the phases of the moon? The connection between the Earth/Moon orbits The Earth blocks some of the Sun light 3. Why are eclipses relatively rare events? The angle of the moon and sun compared to Earth Vocabulary: Rotation Perihelion Apogee Solar Eclipse Revolution Aphelion Phases of the Moon Lunar Eclipse Precession Perigee Graphic organizer Eclipses occur when The moon comes between a. The Earth comes between earth and the sun. the Moon and the sun. Such an event is called a b. Solar eclipse c. Lunar eclipse Assessment pg. 629 1. Revolve, rotate, and precession 2. Years, Day and night, hours of the day 3. Position of the Moon with respect to the Sun 4. Waxing crescent is growing Waning crescent is shrinking 5. Eclipse occur during full or new moons only due to the sphere shape of the moon 6. Sun, Moon, Earth = Solar Eclipse Sun, Earth, Moon = Lunar Eclipse 22.3 Earth’s Moon Key Concepts 1. What processes create surface features on the moon? Craters are formed by meteors, mare are formed by cooling magma 2. How did the moon form? A larger object impacted the Earth, breaking off some of the crust Vocabulary crater Ray Mare Rille Lunar-regolith Graphic Organizer Mars- Size body Impacted Earth Huge quantities of crust and mantle were ejected into space The debris began orbiting Earth. Debris united to form the moon Assessment p.634 1. Craters form from the impact of rapidly moving debris. 2. When asteroids punctuated the lunar surface, letting magma bleed out 3. A Mars-sized object collided with Earth Huge quantities of crust and mantle were ejected into space. The debris began orbiting Earth and eventually united to form the moon. 4. Of the four spheres, the atmosphere hydrosphere, and biosphere are absent, or nearly absent, on the moon. Because the moon lacks these spheres, processes such as chemical weathering, erosion, soil formation weather in general, and sedimentation are all absent. 5. Erosion and subduction have removed most craters from Earth’s surface . 23.1 The Solar System Key Concepts 1. How do terrestrial planets differ from Jovian planets? Terrestrial = rock Jovian = gas 2. How did the solar system form? PLANETARY NEBULAE Vocabulary Terrestrial planet -first 4 planets mainly rock Jovian planet -last four planets Nebula -cloud of dust and gas Planetesimal -begining planet Graphic Organizer -Flowchart on the formation of the Solar Sys Cloud of Dust and Gas Rotating a. The sun formed at the center of a disk. b. Matter collided to form planetesimals. c. Planetesimals eventually grow into planets. Assessment p.648 1. Terrestrial: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars Jovian: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune 2. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune 3. The terrestrial planets are small and rocky. The Jovian planets are gas giants. 4. A nebula is a cloud of dust and gas in space. 5. In the inner solar system, close to the sun, temperatures were so high that only metals and silicate minerals could form solid grains. Thus, the inner planets grew mainly from substances with high melting points. In the outer reaches of the solar system, it was cold enough for ices of water and other substances to form. Consequently, the Jovian planets grew not only from accumulations of solid bits of material but also from large quantities of gases and ices. 6. According to the nebular theory, the sun and planets formed from a rotating disk of dust and gases. 7. Sample answer: If Earth’s orbit were outside the orbit of Mars, the extreme cold would freeze all water and only ice would exist. With only frozen water, there would be no precipitation, runoff, or infiltration— the water cycle and life itself would not exist. 23.2 Terrestrial Planets Key concepts 1. What are the distinguishing characteristics of each terrestrial planet? Mercury hottest Venus most volcanic and tectonic activity Earth most life Mars dust storms Graphic Organizer The red planet Mars a. Explored by rovers b.numerous large volcanoes Assessmentp.653 1. Mercury 2. Venus is similar to Earth in size, density, mass, and location in the solar system. 3. Mercury has the greatest temperature extremes of any planet. Venus shows evidence of recent volcanic and tectonic activity. Earth is the only place where water exists in all three states. Mars experiences extensive dust storms and high winds. 4. Volcanoes, sand dunes, and large canyons 5. Sample answer: Mars may have been the most able to support life because it may have had liquid water on its surface. 6. Venus’s atmosphere is mainly made up of carbon dioxide, which traps radiation so the heat cannot escape. 23.3 The Outer Planets Key Concepts 1. What characteristics distinguish each outer planet? number of moons and their size Graphic Organizer Outer Characteristics Planets Jupiter Largest most mass, great red spot a. Saturn b. largest ring system c. Uranus d. axis tilted more than 90° e. Neptune f. winds exceed 1000 km per hour If you want g. Pluto h. orbit is highly eccentric Assessment p.659 1. Jupiter is the largest planet. Neptune/Pluto is the smallest. 2. a cyclonic storm 3. Sample answer: Jupiter is the largest planet. Saturn has an amazing ring system. Uranus’s axis of rotation is nearly parallel with the plane of its orbit. Neptune is one of the windiest places in the solar system. Pluto is small and cold with a very eccentric orbit. 4. Titan and Triton are the only moons in the solar system with significant atmospheres. 5. Io is volcanically active, just like Earth. Neptune’s moon Triton is also volcanically active. 6. A giant impact may have changed Uranus’s spin. 7. Sample answer: Further study is likely required to determine if our definition of a planet still applies to Pluto. 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Key Concepts Where are most asteroids located? What is the structure of a comet? What is the origin of most meteoroids? Vocabulary and Graphic organizer are the same Vocab Definition Asteroid a. small rocky body b. comet c. body made up of rocky and metallic materials held together by frozen gases d. coma e. glowing head of a comets f. meteoroid g. small solid particle that travels through space h. meteor i. meteoroid that enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up j. meteorite k. meteoroid that reaches Earth’s surface Assessment p. 664 1. Most asteroids lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. 2. A comet is made up of frozen gases and pieces of rocky and metallic materials. As the comet approaches the sun, vaporizing gases produce a glowing head called a coma. Within the coma, a small glowing nucleus is sometimes present. Most comets have long tails. 3. Short-period comets come from the Kuiper belt. Long-period comets come from the Oort cloud. 4. Most meteoroids originate from: (1) Interplanetary debris that was not gravitationally swept up by the planets during the formation of the solar system, (2) material form the asteroid belt, or (3) the solid remains of comets that once traveled near Earth’s orbit. 5. Meteoroids are small solid particles traveling through space. Meteors are meteoroids that enter Earth’s atmosphere and burn up. Meteorites are meteoroids that strike Earth’s surface. 6. Sample answer: There would be a huge meteor shower.