Download NEW UNIT – Create a divider for your binder!

NEW UNIT – Create a divider
for your binder!
•  Topic/ Objective: Ancient Greece
•  Essential Question: – How did the
geography of Greece affect it’s
history?
Welcome to Ancient Greece!! Think about how the
history of Greece relates to where you live – you are
surrounded by places, people, and gods from this
classic civilization.
The Geography
of Greece
shaped Greek
life
LOOK AT THE
MAP!!
• 
Do your notes look like this?
Add any relevant details you may have
missed.
•  I. Geography of Greece
•  A. Rocky and mountainous peninsula–
barriers, moving over land difficult,
independent city-states
•  B. Few natural resources – land was
not fertile, farming difficult, grapes and
olives grown in some areas
•  C. Need for living space – new colonies
•  D. 2,000 islands in Aegean and Ionian
Seas – excellent sailors
•  E. Trade important because of lack of
natural resources
•  Left Column - Questions? Were
they good fisherman?
•  What technology did they develop to
overcome the limits of their
environment?
II. Mycenaean Civilization
•  A. 2000BCE – people moved from
Europe and Asia into Greece – called
Mycenaeans – warrior kings
•  B. Borrowed from Minoans on Crete
(island)
•  C. Cultural diffusion – blending of
cultures
III. Trojan War
•  A. Trojan prince kidnapped beautiful Greek Queen
Helen
•  B. Homer – story teller who wrote epics including
The Iliad – heroes of the Trojan Wars
•  C. Greek Heroes – Odysseus and Achilles
•  D. Trojan Hero – Hector
•  E. 10 years of fighting
•  F. Odysseus Plan – Huge wooden Horse – fooled
Trojans and Greeks destroyed city
•  G. Real or legend?
•  H. Inspired many leaders and people around the
world
•  Question? Why do some people think this story is
true?
Summary Section
•  Identify and explain two ways the
geography of Greece influenced it’s
culture.
Question for notes
•  How do the stories and polytheistic
beliefs of the Greeks reflect their
values and ideas about the natural
world?
Literature: Homer and
The Illiad
•  The Trojan War forms the backdrop of the blind poet
Homer’s the Illiad. An epic is a narrative poem that
celebrates heroic deeds. The heroes in the Illiad are
the fierce Achilles of Greece and the noble and
courageous Hector of Troy.
•  The reading below is from the Illiad where Hector’s wife
begs him not to fight Achilles. Do not copy the quote below,
but create a question about it and write that in your notes.
•  “My dear husband your warlike spirit will be our death.
You’ve no compassion for your infant child, for me, your sad
wife, who before long will be your widow…As for me, it would
be better, if I’m to lose you, to be buried in the ground…”
Great Hector replied, “Wife, all this concerns me too. But
I’d be disgraced, dreadfully shamed…, if I should slink away
from war, like a coward. For I have learned always to be
brave, to fight alongside Trojans at the front, striving to
win great fame for my father, for myself.”
The Greek Myths
•  The Greeks created
stories about their gods.
They were polytheistic.
•  The gods fought and
competed with each other
constantly.
•  They lived and met on
Mount Olympus.
Greek Gods
•  Zeus – the ruler of the gods
•  Hera – Zeus’ wife who was often jealous
of his relations with other women
•  Athena – Goddess of wisdom and
daughter of Zeus, guardian of Athens
•  Apollo – God of music and son of Zeus
•  Aphrodite – Goddess of Love
•  Poseidon – God of the seas and brother to
Zeus
•  Hades – God of the underworld and
brother to Zeus
Summary Section
•  Identify and explain at least one way
that literature and/or the beliefs of the
ancient Greeks reflected their values.
How did they show what was
important to the Greeks?
(Greece notes continued)
Warring City-States
•  Polis - means citystate and the
surrounding
countryside
•  Acropolis - hilltop
center of city –
where politics was
discussed and
temples were built
•  Agora marketplace, talk
politics
Topic/ Objective: Greek Political
Structures and culture
•  Monarchy – ruled by a king and is
rule is hereditary
•  Aristocracy – ruled by nobility
(landowning, rich families)
•  Oligarchy – ruled by a small group of
citizens, based on wealth or ability
(practiced in Sparta by 500 BCE)
•  Direct Democracy – state ruled by its
citizens, majority rule decides vote
(practiced in Athens by 500 BCE)
QUESTION?
•  Why were the Persian Wars such a big
deal in world history?
The Persian Wars
The Persian Wars
(500BCE – 479 BCE)
•  City-States of Greece vs. Persians
•  Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)Athenians pushed Persians back to
the sea and win!!!
•  Marathon legend? Euripedes ran 26
miles to report the amazing news
that the Athens won!!
•  Turning Point – (Athens, small,
democratic, city-state – defeated
autocratic, huge Persian Empire!)
Persian Wars
•  Battle at Thermopylae (480 BCE)
– Xerxes led the Persian army,
defeated 300 Spartans who
were betrayed by a fellow
Greek.
•  (479 BCE) – Greek army defeated
Persian army and won the war!!
•  RESULTS - Athens will become
the leader of the Delian League
(Greek Alliance)
•  Why a big deal? - Kept
Persians from extending empire
into Europe, allowed Greek
democracy and culture to reach
its height in Athens
•  How do we know all this?
Herodotus – the Father of History
Question: What are the differences
between Athens and Sparta?
•  SPARTA – MILITARY STATE!!!
•  The Spartans used HELOTS (peasants from a
neighboring region) to work the land
•  Most powerful army in Greece
•  Did not value art and literature
•  Valued duty, strength, and discipline over
freedom, individuality, beauty, and learning
•  Military training – boys left home when they were
7 and moved into army barracks until they were
30.
•  1. Days spent exercising wearing only tunic and no
shoes.
•  2. Slept without blankets on hard benches.
•  Diet included black porridge
•  Encouraged to steal to be resourceful.
•  Served in military until the age of 60.
Spartan Women
•  Girls – some
military training,
also ran, wrestled,
and played sports.
•  Women – had
freedom compared
to other Greeks –
ran estates when
husbands were
active in the
military. Spartan
women told
husbands – “come
back with your
shields or on it” –
TOUGH!!
Topic/ Objective: Golden Age (Good times – peace
and prosperity)
•  Pericles led Athens
during much of its
golden age.
•  He strengthened
Athenian democracy
and used money to
beautify Athens.
Athenian Democracy vs. U.S. Democracy
Question? – What is ONE difference and ONE
similarity? Answer using info below. DON’T write
them all.
•  Athenian Democracy
-Citizens male, 18years old;
born of citizen parents
U.S. Democracy
-Citizens born in US or complete
citizens process
-Laws voted on and proposed
directly by assembly of citizens
-Representatives elected to
propose and vote on laws
-Leader chosen by lot
-Elected president
-Executive branch – council of
500 men
-Executive Branch – elected and
appointed officials
-Juries varied in size
-Juries composed of 12 jurors
-No attorneys(lawyers), no appeals, -Defendants and plaintiffs have
one-day trials
attorneys (lawyers), long appeals
Glorious Art and Architecture
•  Artists focused on the
Ideal and Balance.
•  Sculpture - graceful.
strong, “perfect”
athletes and gods
•  Example: The Discuss
thrower (pictured)
•  The Parthenon (pictured)
was built to honor the
goddess Athena
Drama and History
•  Outdoor theaters, male actors,
and chorus
•  Tragedies - ended in disaster,
love, hate, betrayal
•  – For example - Oedipus Rex written by Sophocles- tragic
story of Oedipus who kills his
father and marries his
mother
•  Comedies - made fun of
people and ideas (like SNL or
Family Guy today)
•  Poetry - mythology and
athletics
•  History - wrote details about
Great wars and conflicts
•  Herodotus - “Father of
History” – Persian Wars
•  Thucydides – wrote the
History of the Peloponnesian
War
The Olympic Games
•  Held every four years at
Olympia to honor their
Gods, began in 776BCE
•  Events included long
distance running,
wrestling, the long jump,
the javelin, and the
discuss throw.
Question?
•  How did the Peloponnesian War affect
the Golden Age of Greece?
The Peloponnesian War 431 – 404 BCE
•  Athens vs. Sparta
•  Causes – Sparta and other
city-states did not like
Athens growth in wealth,
power
•  Athens – stronger navy
•  Sparta – stronger army
•  The War – Spartans
burned Athen’s food
supply.
•  DISASTER – a plague
hurt Athens
•  Results – The end of the
Golden Age of Greece
Philosophers Search for Truth
•  After the Peloponnesian War-Athenians
lost confidence in democracy
•  Socrates - Philosopher & teacher, he
encouraged his students to examine
their beliefs, he was put on trial for
failing to worship the Gods, corrupting
the youth, and trying to overthrow the
government. The jury condemned him
to death by hemlock (poison).
•  Socratic Method: students would
debate and encouraged to ask
questions
•  “The unexaminded life is not worth
living”
•  Plato – Socrates’ student, found a
school called the Academy in 387 BCE,
lasted 900 years. He also wrote The
Republic about his vision of government
led by a philosopher-king. – “Philosophy
begins in wonder.”
•  Aristotle – Plato’s student and teacher
to Alexander the Great, found a school
called the Lyceum, his work led to
scientific method used today.
•  “He who studies how things originated…
will achieve the clearest view of them”
Summary
•  Identify and explain TWO reasons why
life in Athens after the Persian Wars is
considered a “Golden Age”.