Download Name: Bio A Study Guide – Evolution Book sections 14, 15, 16 and

Name:
Bio A Study Guide – Evolution
Book sections 14, 15, 16 and 17
1. The Big Bang Theory describes the creation of _________________________________
a. Does it describe the first living things?
b. What is a singularity?
c. Has our universe stopped changing?
2. What is spontaneous generation?
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name three scientists whose work disproved the possibility of spontaneous generation
3. What is the Primordial soup? Why is it significant? What allowed the primordial soup to form?
a. What was the purpose of Stanley Miller’s experiment?
b. What was the result of the experiment?
4. What evidence supports Plate Tectonics? LIST!
5. Complete the following table:
Scientist
What was his main idea?
How did this contribution influence Darwin?
Lamarck
Malthus
Hutton and Lyell
6. Why are “acquired” characteristics not passed down from parent to offspring?
7. Explain how each of these concepts relate to Natural Selection
a. Overproduction
b. Competition
c. Variation in a Species
d. Survival of the Fittest
e. Decent with Modification
8. What is the principle of Common Descent?
9. How do Darwin’s finches support his ideas on evolution? Describe their genetic variation.
Describe how they show adaptation. Describe how they demonstrate evolution
10. What do evolutionary biologists mean when they say an organism is “fit”?
11. Why do evolutionary pressures act on phenotypes and not genotypes? How can genotypes
change through evolutionary selection?

How do you calculate the allele frequency in a population?

How do you calculate the phenotype frequency in a population?
12. What is genetic drift? Give an example.
13. What is necessary for a population to maintain equilibrium and NOT evolve? Explain.
14. Where do new alleles/traits come from in a population?
15. Describe how each of the following can be used to support evolutionary relationships.
Sedimentary rock and fossils:
What would we compare here?
Comparative Anatomy:
Do analogous structures support common ancestry? Homologous structures?
Comparative Biochemistry:
What molecules do we compare?
Comparative Embryology:
What are we looking for?
16. What kind of graphic do we use to show evolutionary relationships?
X
a. Which species is the most related to A?
b. Which species is more related to C, D or B? Explain.
Y
c. Y is a common ancestor for which species?
d. What does the horizontal (X) axis represent?
17. Circle the most recent common ancestor of A and C on the diagram below. Put a box around
the most common ancestor of organisms B and C. Which two organisms are more closely
related?
GENE POOLS AND SPECIES
18. Define the term gene pool.
a. What would happen the relative frequency of an allele in a population if its trait was not
“fit”?
19. Define the term “species”. For two groups of organisms, what must they NO LONGER be doing if
we are going to consider them two separate species?
20. Classify the following as an example of geographical, reproduction or behavioral isolation.
a. Two different groups of maple trees flowering months apart.
b. Two different species of mice living on different continents
c. Two groups of whales speaking different languages, eating different foods.
21. For each of the following statements, identify whether gradualism or punctuated equilibrium is
being described:
a. Happens relatively quickly in small populations
b. Results in the accumulation of tiny changes over a long period of time
c. A population of pre-horse animals starting off short and getting taller and taller over
time until they reach the height of modern horses.
d. A population of butterflies going from dark brown to white without passing through
light brown along the way.
e. Supported by the fossils that we find in sedimentary rock
f. Supported by Darwin
g. Supported by Gould
22. What two organelles are explained by the “endosymbiont theory” (aka endosymbiosis) What
type of cell was formed?
-
how did they get to be part of our cells?
-
What is some of the evidence that supports this theory?
23. Fill in the chart below to compare divergent and convergent evolution.
Convergent
Divergent
Does it suggest the two
organisms are closely
related?
Is it caused by sharing a
common environment?
Does it create
homologous or analogous
structures?
Provide an example of
each
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISM
Carolus von Linneaus – Invented classification
-
Binomial Nomenclature – Genus and species (Homo sapiens)
24. Three Domains – what are they and why do we divide bacteria into two domains?
a. Characteristics of Each?
25. Six Kingdoms (WHAT”S WRONG WITH 5 KINGDOMS?)
26. KPCOFGS
Which is most specific (contains only one type of population)?
Which is more specific class or family?