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Radiographic Anatomy Review Julie Branagan MS, RT(R) August 20, 2013 My Background • Radiologic Technologist – 20 years • Radiology educator – 10 years – Radiographic Procedures – Image analysis – Clinical coordinator Objectives • Review basic anatomy of the following systems – Skeletal – Circulatory – Digestive – Respiratory – Urinary • Identify anatomy on radiographic images Definition of Terms • Anatomy – The term applied to the science of the structure of the body • Physiology – The study of the function of the body organs Human Structural Organization Divisions of the body • Why? – Most specific means in which to describe the human body • Most common – Body planes – Body cavities Body Planes • Imaginary planes that subdivide the body in reference to anatomic position • Planes “slice” the body in all directions at designated levels • Fundamental planes – Sagittal – Coronal – Horizontal – Oblique Body Planes (Sagittal) Body Cavities • Two great cavities – Thoracic cavity – Abdominal cavity • Abdominal cavity has no lower partition, but the lower portion is called the pelvic cavity • Often referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity Body Cavities • Thoracic cavity contains – Pleural membranes – Lungs – Trachea – Esophagus – Pericardium – Heart and great vessels Body Cavities • Abdominal cavity contains - Peritoneum - Liver - Gallbladder - Pancreas - Spleen - Stomach - Intestines - Kidneys - Ureters - Major blood vessels Body Cavities • Pelvic portion contains – Rectum – Urinary bladder – Part of the reproductive system Body Systems • • • • • Skeletal Circulatory Digestive Respiratory Urinary • • • • • Reproductive Nervous Muscular Endocrine Integumentary Skeletal System • 206 separate bones • Osteology – Study of the bones • Arthrology – Study of the joints Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 14 Bone Functions • • • • • Attachment for muscles Mechanical basis for movement Protection of internal organs Support frame for body Storage for calcium, phosphorus, and other salts • Production of red and white blood cells Hand Pelvis Vertebral Column/Spine Cervical Spine Circulatory System • Distributes oxygen to cells • Transports waste products from cells (heart, blood, and blood vessels) Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 23 (lymph nodes, vessels, and glands) Lower Abdominal Angiogram • 26 Lower abdominal angiogram—DSA image on right Computed Tomography Angiogram Digestive System • Absorption • Elimination Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 28 Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Small Intestine Large Intestine Large Intestine Respiratory System Purpose: Exchange of gaseous substances between the air and the blood Four divisions: • Pharynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 36 Trachea Anatomy: Bronchi and Alveoli Chest Xray Anatomy: Lungs Chest Xray Diseased Lung Urinary System • Regulates blood • Eliminates waste products Urinary System • • • • Kidneys (2) Ureters (2) Urinary bladder Urethra Suprarenal (adrenal) glands (endocrine system) Anterior view 44 Urinary System View from the back View from the side Kidneys Kidney Nephron IVU Demonstrating Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder 47 Retrograde Urogram Nephrotomogram Bladder and Urethra Voiding Cystourethrogram 50 References • Bontrager, K & Lampignano, J. (2010). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy. 7th ed. Mosby. • Frank, E., Long, B., & Smith, B. (2012). Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures. 12th ed. Elsevier.