Download Radiographic Anatomy Review

Radiographic
Anatomy Review
Julie Branagan MS, RT(R)
August 20, 2013
My Background
• Radiologic Technologist – 20 years
• Radiology educator – 10 years
– Radiographic Procedures
– Image analysis
– Clinical coordinator
Objectives
• Review basic anatomy of the following
systems
– Skeletal
– Circulatory
– Digestive
– Respiratory
– Urinary
• Identify anatomy on radiographic images
Definition of Terms
• Anatomy
– The term applied to the science of the structure of
the body
• Physiology
– The study of the function of the body organs
Human Structural
Organization
Divisions of the body
• Why?
– Most specific means in which to describe the
human body
• Most common
– Body planes
– Body cavities
Body Planes
• Imaginary planes that subdivide the body in
reference to anatomic position
• Planes “slice” the body in all directions at
designated levels
• Fundamental planes
– Sagittal
– Coronal
– Horizontal
– Oblique
Body Planes (Sagittal)
Body Cavities
• Two great cavities
– Thoracic cavity
– Abdominal cavity
• Abdominal cavity has no lower partition, but
the lower portion is called the pelvic cavity
• Often referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity
Body Cavities
• Thoracic cavity contains
– Pleural membranes
– Lungs
– Trachea
– Esophagus
– Pericardium
– Heart and great vessels
Body Cavities
• Abdominal cavity contains
- Peritoneum
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- Spleen
- Stomach
- Intestines
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Major blood vessels
Body Cavities
• Pelvic portion contains
– Rectum
– Urinary bladder
– Part of the reproductive system
Body Systems
•
•
•
•
•
Skeletal
Circulatory
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
•
•
•
•
•
Reproductive
Nervous
Muscular
Endocrine
Integumentary
Skeletal System
• 206 separate bones
• Osteology
– Study of the bones
• Arthrology
– Study of the joints
Copyright © 2010 by Mosby,
Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
14
Bone Functions
•
•
•
•
•
Attachment for muscles
Mechanical basis for movement
Protection of internal organs
Support frame for body
Storage for calcium, phosphorus, and other
salts
• Production of red and white blood cells
Hand
Pelvis
Vertebral Column/Spine
Cervical Spine
Circulatory System
• Distributes oxygen
to cells
• Transports waste
products from
cells
(heart, blood, and blood vessels)
Copyright © 2010 by Mosby,
Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
23
(lymph nodes, vessels, and glands)
Lower Abdominal Angiogram
•
26
Lower abdominal angiogram—DSA image on right
Computed Tomography Angiogram
Digestive System
• Absorption
• Elimination
Copyright © 2010 by Mosby,
Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
28
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Large Intestine
Respiratory System
Purpose:
Exchange of gaseous
substances between
the air and the blood
Four divisions:
• Pharynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs
Copyright © 2010 by Mosby,
Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
36
Trachea
Anatomy: Bronchi and Alveoli
Chest Xray
Anatomy: Lungs
Chest Xray
Diseased Lung
Urinary System
• Regulates blood
• Eliminates waste
products
Urinary System
•
•
•
•
Kidneys (2)
Ureters (2)
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
(endocrine system)
Anterior view
44
Urinary System
View from the back
View from the side
Kidneys
Kidney
Nephron
IVU Demonstrating Kidneys, Ureters, and
Bladder
47
Retrograde Urogram
Nephrotomogram
Bladder and Urethra
Voiding Cystourethrogram
50
References
• Bontrager, K & Lampignano, J. (2010).
Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and
Related Anatomy. 7th ed. Mosby.
• Frank, E., Long, B., & Smith, B. (2012). Merrill’s
Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and
Procedures. 12th ed. Elsevier.