* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Sentences and Fragments
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Antisymmetry wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sloppy identity wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Arabic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Preposition and postposition wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Determiner phrase wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Vietnamese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Romanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sentences and Fragments Another aesthetically pleasing presentation from Mr. Salyer. Independent/Dependent clauses clause • Independent Clause • Can stand alone as a complete sentence • Has a subject, verb, and expresses a complete thought • Dependent (Subordinate) Clause • Also contains a subject and a verb • BUT DOES NOT EXPRESS A COMPLETE THOUGHT Dependent Markers (Subordinating conjunctions) • Common words that will begin a dependent clause • When, whenever, before, after, although, though, despite, unless, until, whatever, because, since, if, whether, whereas, while • Fragment- Even though Mr. Salyer wears short shorts • Sentence- Even though Mr. Salyer wears short shorts, he is still very fashionable. • Reversed- Mr. Salyer is very fashionable even though he wears short shorts. Appositives and appositive phrases • An appositive is a noun or a phrase that describes, explains, or renames another noun positioned close to it. • Not essential to the meaning of the sentence Appositives continued • A former Tippecanoe and BGSU runner, Mr. Salyer will be participating in the Boston Marathon on April 20th. • Mr. Salyer, a former Tippecanoe and BGSU runner, will be participating in the Boston Marathon on April 20th. • Mr. Salyer will be competing in the Boston Marathon on April 20th, National Pot-Smoking Day. Practice • Using an appositive phrase, write a sentence about someone in this class. Be nice. • Student’s name, APPOSITIVE PHRASE, finish sentence. Prepositional Phrases • Preposition (Time and location) • Can be placed at different spots within a sentence • The tomato grows around the world. • The tomato grows in many shapes and varieties in greenhouses around the world. • The tomatoes in the greenhouse grow in many varieties and colors. • In the greenhouse, the tomatoes grow in many varieties and colors. Prepositional Phrases = fragments • Cannot stand alone as a sentence. • In the greenhouse • In many shapes and varieties in greenhouses around the world. • Lack subjects Gerunds and gerund phrases • A verb form that ends in –ing and functions as a NOUN • Gerunds AREN’T VERBS • Running is my favorite hobby. (Functions as noun and subject) • Fragment: Tomatoes growing in many shapes and sizes around the world. (No verb…should be grow) Participles • Verb forms that FUNCTION AS ADJECTIVES • Often formed by adding –ed or –ing to verbs (present and past) • Talk becomes talked or talking • Throw becomes thrown and throwing • Participial phrase begins with a participle Location of Participial phrases • Beginning • Originating in South America, the tomato grows in many shapes and varieties. • Grown originally in South America, the tomato… • Middle • The tomato, cultivated initially in South America during the first millennium, is now grown in many shapes and varieties. CLOSE TO WORD THEY MODIFY! • If the participial phrase is not located close to the word it modifies, or it does not seem to modify anything, it creates CONFUSION. • Examples • Oozing slowly across the floor, Marvin watched the salad dressing. • With his tail held high, my father led the prized poodle around the arena. Pronouns as Subjects • Yes, a pronoun can serve as the subject of the sentence. • Tomatoes grow around the world and comes in many shapes and varieties. • It grows around the world. • They grow. • They grow in many shapes and varieties. Subject Pronouns (people and things) • People • I, you, she, he, it, one, we, they • Groups of people or things • Each, few, both, some, several, many, most, other(s), a number of, the majority “Many” and “most” as a subject pronoun • “Many” and “most” can be used as a subject. • Many (tomatoes) are grown in greenhouses around the world. • Often followed by “of them” • Many (of them) are grown in greenhouses around the world. • Most (of them) believe that the tomato is a vegetable. • “Of which” “of whom” = fragments • Many of which are grown in greenhouses around the world • Most of whom believe that the tomato is a vegetable. “Many” and “most” continued • Incorrect: The tomato is used by cooks around the world, most of them believe that it is a vegetable rather than a fruit. • Two independent clauses • Start a new sentence, use a semicolon, or use comma conjunction • Correct: The tomato is used by cooks around the world. Most of them believe that it is a vegetable rather than a fruit. • Correct: The tomato is used by cooks around the world, most of whom believe that it is a vegetable rather than a fruit. • Independent clause followed by a COMMA and NON-ESSENTIAL PHRASE