Download Section 3.1 - CPO Science

Studying Earth Science
Chapter Three: Physical Science
Connections
• 3.1 Types of Energy
• 3.2 Heat
• 3.3 Density and Buoyancy
3.1 Types of Energy
• Energy is the ability to
create change in a system.
• Most of Earth’s surface
heat energy comes from
the Sun.
• A little comes from
volcanoes and geysers.
What total percent of the
sun’s energy is taken by the
atmosphere?
3.1 Radiation from the sun
• This energy leaves the Sun as radiant energy
that is mostly visible light, but also includes
infrared radiation (heat) and ultraviolet light.
Can you rank the three types of radiant energy
from shortest to longest wavelength?
3.1 Another source of heat
• Besides radiation, the
Earth’s internal heat
energy mostly comes
from its core.
• Radioactive atoms
break down to produce
heat.
Where is Earth’s core?
Hint: What fruit do you know
that also has a core?
3.1 Energy at a small scale
• Matter is made of tiny
particles called atoms
that are too small to see
with your eyes or with a
magnifying glass.
• In most matter, atoms
occur in a group called a
molecule.
If a sheet of aluminum is 200,000
atoms in thickness, how many
atoms thick are three sheets of
aluminum?
3.1 Kinetic Energy
• The constant motion of atoms is a
form of energy.
• Faster atoms have more kinetic
energy than slower atoms.
• The energy of motion is called
kinetic energy.
3.1 Kinetic Energy
• Imagine atoms were big enough to see.
• The length of the arrow shows the atom’s
speed.
• Which atoms below have the most
energy?
3.1 Height Energy
• Height energy is a type of potential energy.
• Potential energy is stored energy.
How does the amount of energy given to the water at the
top of the stream table affect the movement of sand?
3.1 Height Energy
• At the top of a roller
coaster hill, the car has
more height energy.
• The height energy is
transferred to motion
energy (kinetic) as the
car rolls down the hill.
3.1 Heat energy
• Heat is a form of energy.
• Heat can be transferred from one
object to another.
Which way
does the
energy
transfer?
3.1 Friction
• Energy is released
due to friction when
two objects rub
against each other.
• Some of this energy is
converted to heat.
Name two surfaces
creating friction in each
picture.
3.1 Energy flow and heat loss
• For most cars, only
20% of the gasoline
burned by the engine is
used to move the car.
• 80 % of the energy
from the gasoline is
given off as heat
energy.
Where on the car can you
FEEL the heat transfer?
3.1 Energy flow and heat loss
• A light bulb transforms
electrical energy into
light energy.
• The light bulb might
feel hot to the touch
after it has been lit for
awhile.
• This is because 98% of
the energy produced is
Do you know what kind of
heat and only 2% is
light bulb can save energy?
actual light energy.
3.1 Heat and fuels
• A power plant is a place where
electricity is generated.
• Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural
gas are common sources of energy
for power plants.
• Some heat is lost at each step in the
process of converting fuel energy into
useful electricity.
Can you explain each step of the
process of making electricity?
Activity
Energy at the Surface of Earth
• In this activity you will
model radiation of
heat energy from the
Sun to Earth.