* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download STD - Illinois State University Department of Psychology
Gastroenteritis wikipedia , lookup
Sarcocystis wikipedia , lookup
African trypanosomiasis wikipedia , lookup
Human cytomegalovirus wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Oesophagostomum wikipedia , lookup
Ebola virus disease wikipedia , lookup
Orthohantavirus wikipedia , lookup
Marburg virus disease wikipedia , lookup
Schistosomiasis wikipedia , lookup
Hepatitis C wikipedia , lookup
Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases wikipedia , lookup
West Nile fever wikipedia , lookup
Henipavirus wikipedia , lookup
Neonatal infection wikipedia , lookup
Hepatitis B wikipedia , lookup
Trichinosis wikipedia , lookup
Leptospirosis wikipedia , lookup
Middle East respiratory syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Coccidioidomycosis wikipedia , lookup
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis wikipedia , lookup
Herpes simplex research wikipedia , lookup
Herpes simplex virus wikipedia , lookup
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AT ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY © 2008 John B. Pryor, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Top 6 STIs at ISU: 1995-2007 1. Genital Warts 2. Genital Herpes 3. Chlamydia 4. Scabies 5. Trichomoniasis 6. Gonorrhea Sexually Transmitted Infections Treated at the ISU Student Health Center 1995-2007 6% 2% 9% 13% 50% 20% Genital Warts Genital Herpes Chlamydia Scabies Trichomoniasis Gonorrhea Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • • • • Virus that causes genital warts - 60 known types estimated 20 million Americans infected In more than 90 percent of cases, the infections are harmless and go away without treatment. Related to the occurrence of pre-cancerous cells on the cervix. Persistent HPV infection is found in most cases of cervical cancer. A new vaccine, Gardasil, protects against four HPV types, which together cause 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts.The FDA recently licensed this vaccine for use in girls/women, ages 9-26 years. Symptomatically treated by chemical agents (podophyllin), cryotherapy, or laser therapy Genital warts - Initial Visits to Physicians’ Offices in the U.S. 1965-2005 Source: CDC Human Papilloma Virus warts Some carriers are asymptomatic Human Papilloma Virus transmission through physical contact wart Human Papilloma Virus Most common sites in men: penis, urethra, bladder, & anus warts Human Papilloma Virus Most common sites in women: vulva, vagina, cervix, & anus HPV - can be transmitted via oral sex Genital Herpes Caused by a virus Two types: • 1) herpes simplex virus type 1( HSV-1) typically around mouth (cold sores) • 2) herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) - typically found in the genital region. • However, either can infect either place. • Genital Herpes - incidence • • • HSV-1 antibodies are present in 95% of Americans. 31 million Americans have a genital herpes infection (about 1 in 6 people). Most people who are infected never recognize their symptoms. Genital Herpes • • • • Transmission - through physical contact with infected area Transmission is possible even when someone is asymptomatic No cure Symptomatic treatment with acyclovir Genital Herpes - Initial visit to physicians’ offices - 1966-2005 Source: CDC Genital Herpes leision Genital Herpes Genital Herpes leisions Genital Herpes scars Genital Herpes Genital Herpes • • • Some myths about HSV-2: 1) Genital herpes is often transmitted through casual contact. 2) Women who have recurrent HSV-2 should not bear children because of dangers to the developing fetus. Psychosocial Aspects of Herpes Survey of 3100 People with Herpes 84% -reported episodes of depression 70% -indicated feelings of isolation 40% -diminished work performance as the result of lowered self-esteem 35% -decreased sexual desire 25% -self-destructive thoughts 18% -the breakup of long term relationships Chlamydia is the most frequently reported infectious disease in the United States. An estimated 800,000 new cases occur annually. Chlamydia Rates per 100,000 in Illinois 2002-2006 440 431.5 430 420 407.1 410 400 390 387.3 388.9 379.9 380 370 360 350 2002 2003 2004 Year 2004 2006 Chlamydia rates for men and women in the U.S. in 2005 (Source: CDC, 2007) Chlamydia -caused by a bacteria Up to 75 percent of women and 50 percent of men with uncomplicated chlamydia infection have no symptoms or signs of infection. If symptoms do occur, they typically appear within one week to a month after exposure to an infected person. Chlamydia Symptoms - Men * pain or burning during urination * frequent urination * pain and swelling in the testicles * low-grade fever * burning and itching around the opening of the penis * watery or milky discharge from the penis Chlamydia Symptoms - Women * irregular vaginal bleeding * burning with urination * itching and burning in the genital area * vaginal discharge * lower abdominal pain often accompanied by nausea and fever Chlamydia - possible complications for women scared/blocked fallopian tubes pelvic abscess adhesions Treatment of Chlamydia Curable with azithromycin or doxycycline; does not respond to penicillin. Poorly treated or undiagnosed cases may lead to: urethral damage epididymitis (infection of the epididymis) Reiter’s syndrome (inflammation throughout body; arthritis) proctitis in men who had anal intercourse Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Problems with pregnancy and risks for newborn infants of infected mothers Chlamydia - possible complications for women Up to 40% of women with untreated chlamydia will develop PID. Undiagnosed PID caused by chlamydia is common. Of those with PID, 20% will become infertile; 18% will experience debilitating, chronic pelvic pain; and 9% will have a life-threatening tubal pregnancy. Tubal pregnancy is the leading cause of first-trimester, pregnancy-related deaths in American women. Scabies Scabies is caused by tiny mites which are at most half a millimeter in length and are difficult to see. Scabies Scabies Scabies usually infest areas between the fingers and toes, wrists, elbows, armpits, buttocks, breasts, genitals, and other areas of contact. Scabies Small red bumps or tiny lines (burrows) may appear. Scabies QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. CDC Recommended Regimen • Permethrin cream (5%) applied to all areas of the body from the neck down and washed off after 8-14 hours Transmission • Scabies among adults may be sexually transmitted, although scabies among children is usually not sexually transmitted. Trichomoniasis • • • affects 5 million Americans yearly caused by a single-celled protozoan parasite symptoms in women include a heavy, yellowgreen or gray vaginal discharge, discomfort during intercourse, vaginal odor, and painful urination Trichomoniasis • • • symptoms also may include irritation and itching of the female genital area symptoms in men include a thin, whitish discharge from the penis and painful or difficult urination most men do not experience any symptoms, women also may be asymptomatic Trichomoniasis • • • Sexual transmission is possible even when no symptoms are present. Metronidazole is the drug used to treat trichomoniasis. It is administered in a single dose. Trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis in pregnant women may cause premature rupture of the membranes and pre-term delivery. The genital inflammation caused by trichomoniasis also might increase a woman's risk of acquiring HIV infection if she is exposed to the virus. Trichomoniasis in a woman who is also infected with HIV can increase the chances of transmitting HIV infection to a sex partner. Gonorrhea is caused by the gonococcus, a bacterium that grows and multiplies quickly in moist, warm areas of the body such as the cervix, urethra, mouth, or rectum. . GONORRHEA Incidence & treatment Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported infectious disease in the United States, with 339,593 cases reported in 2005. Treatment is usually easy with antibiotics Drug resistance is an increasingly important concern in the treatment and prevention of gonorrhea Gonorrhea Rates in the U.S., 1941-2005 (CDC, 2007) Gonorrhea Rates per 100,000 in Illinois 20022006 250 200 193.5 175.7 165.8 161.2 162.5 2004 2004 2006 150 100 50 0 2002 2003 Year Cases of Gonorrhea in Illinois in 1st 8 Months of 2005 unknown 11 50+ 169 45 to 49 171 Age Groups 40 to 44 385 35 to 39 557 980 30 to 34 25 to 29 1908 20 to 24 3930 15 to 19 3437 10 to 14 153 5 to 9 3 0 to 4 9 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Cases Reported to IDPH 3500 4000 4500 Gonorrhea - transmission genital-to-genital contact • genital-to-oral contact • genital-to-anal contact • spread fromvagina to rectum • Gonorrhea - Symptoms • • • • early symptoms often are mild most women who are infected have no symptoms if symptoms of gonorrhea develop, they usually appear within 2 to 10 days after sexual contact with an infected partner some may be infected for several months without showing symptoms. Gonorrhea - Symptoms for Women • • • a painful or burning sensation when urinating an abnormal vaginal discharge more advanced symptoms, which indicate progression to PID, include abdominal pain, bleeding between menstrual periods, vomiting, or fever Gonorrhea - Symptoms for Men • • • a discharge from the penis a burning sensation during urination symptoms of rectal infection include discharge, anal itching, and sometimes painful bowel movements. Gonorrhea discharge Gonorrhea Discharge Both Gonorrhea & Chlamydia can cause future fertility problems in women Chlamydia Gonorrhea Possible scarring or blockage of fallopian tubes