Download WHITE BLOOD CELLS

INTRODUCTION
HEALTH SCIENCE
CURRICULUM
HEALTH SCIENCE CURRICULUM
PHYSICAL HEALTH: Human Body Structure
(Anatomy) And Function (Physiology).
MENTAL HEALTH: Basic Human Needs, Values,
and Mental Illness
SOCIOLOGICAL HEALTH ISSUES: Alcohol,
Tobacco, and Drugs (Nota Bene: they are all drugs!)
ENVIROMENTAL HEALTH: Air, Water,
Noise, and Landscape Pollution.
DISASTER AWARENESS: Natural and/or Man Made
The Human Body
Cell: Cell body, Membrane, and Nucleus
Tissue: Made up of like cells
Organs: Made up of like tissue
Systems: Made up of two or more
organs working together.
There are nine (9) systems in the human body.
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Mouth: Salivary Glands secrete saliva
which contains enzymes that break
the food down.
ESOPHAGUS: Peristalsis
STOMACH: Temporary storage place for
food.
SMALL INTESTINE: Is 22-26 feet long
and in the upper most part known as
the duodenum, digestion is
completed.
LIVER: Produces Bile, which is stored in
the gall bladder and is used to break
down fats. The liver also destroys worn
out Red Blood Cells.
PANCREAS: Secretes Pancreatic Juices.
(Bile and Pancreatic Juices are secreted into
The Duodenum via the Pancreatic Duct)
ISLES OF LANGERHAN: Are located in
the Pancreas and are ductless glands that
Secrete the chemical hormone Insulin
which regulates the body’s sugar level.
(Diabetes/Hypoglycemia)
SMALL INTESTINE: The Small
Intestine contains finger like projections
known as Villi and/or Villus which
absorbs the digested food into the blood.
LARGE INTESTINE: Contains undigested
foods, masses of bacteria, and dead cells.
METABOLISM
Builds Protoplasm
Digestion of Food
Getting rid of waste
Oxidation
(Digested food + Oxygen = Energy)
PROBLEMS/CONCERNS WITH THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Celiac: An autoimmune disease in which the
lining of the small intestine is damaged from eating
gluten and other proteins found in wheat, barley,
rye, and possibly oats.
APPENDIX: Appendicitis
(Peritonitis: an inflammation the
abdominal wall which covers the
abdominal or organs)
CANCER: Colorectal Cancer
INFLUENCES: Emotions / Eating Habits
EATING DISORDERS
ANOREXIA: A psychological and endocrine
disorder which may cause faulty eating
Patterns, malnutrition, and excessive
weight loss.
BULIMIA: An abnormal and constant
craving for food. After one eats they purge.
(Binge and Purge Event)
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
THE PARTS OF BLOOD
PLASMA: Is the pale yellow portion of whole
blood.
RED BLOOD CELLS: There are 30 Trillion
plus red cells in the human body. Formed in
the bone marrow and destroyed in the spleen,
they contain hemoglobin which contains iron
and carries oxygen through-out the body for
Oxidation.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS: White Blood
Cells, also known as Leucocytes, fight
Infection and are chiefly produced in the
bone marrow.
PLATELETES: Platelets help the blood
to clot.
ANEMIA: The red blood cell lack iron in
the hemoglobin, causing the blood to become
unable to support the proper oxygen supply
in the blood. This results in incomplete
oxidation and low energy levels.
LEUKEMIA: Cancer of the blood caused by
too many, leukocyte increase abnormally,
white blood cells being produced.
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells
Ernie Davis #44
“The Elmira Express”
Diagnosed with Leukemia in 1962
DISEASES OF THE BLOOD
Continued
• HEMOPHILIA: There are too few platelets in
the blood resulting in the blood clotting slowly.
• Sickle Cell Anemia:
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS
“AIDS”
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(Also known as the AIDS Virus)
CD4 and T-4 Leukocyte (Antibodies)
HIV = Infection = 1-3 months = A positive
PGL = Persistent Generalized Lymphonophy
FULL BLOWN “AIDS”
"General, I have no division..."
-Major General George Edward Pickett
to General Lee at Gettysburg
July 3, 1863
Magic Johnson
(Tested Positive for HIV)
Anti-retroviral drugs reduce the virus
to undetectable levels.
Other Viral Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Hepatitis C (HCV): Assaults the liver
(Presently there is no vaccine to prevent it)
Herpes Simplex II
(also know as genital herpes)
 Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
(also known as genital warts)
Nota bene: There are no known cure for
VIRUS!!!!!!
OTHER SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED DISEASES
ALSO KNOWN AS “VD”
Venereal Disease
SYPHILIS
Chancre appears within 10-90- days
Non-itching rash 1-6 months
Lymph Nodes may swell
Within two or more years damage to
the heart, blood vessels, and/or Central
Nervous System (CNS) may occur.
Al Capone
Died as a result
of SYPHILIS
GONORRHEA
(Caused by Bacteria)
Inflames the Urethra in man and the Cervix
in Woman.
Gonorrhea in Females:
Burning during urination
Abnormal menstruation
Pain and tenderness
Gonorrhea in Males:
Whitish discharge
Burning sensation
Symptoms within 3 days to 3 weeks
Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chlamydia (Bacteria)
- Inflammation in the genital areas
-Treatment = Antibiotics
Nongonoccal Urethritis
-Inflammation of the urethra in males
- Inflammation of the cervix in females
Trichomoniasis
Males: Irritation, mild discharge and burning
during urination or ejaculation.
Females: Yellow-green discharge, strong odor,
Irritation and itching in genital area.
The Human Heart
 Blood enters the right atrium via the
superior and inferior vena cava –
 It passes through the tricuspid valve
into the right ventricle –
It flows to the lungs by way of the
pulmonary artery and in the lungs
CO2 leaves the blood and O2 enters –
 The blood returns via the pulmonary
vein and enters the left atrium and passes
through the bicuspid valve and enters
the left ventricle  It is then pumped out through the
Aorta, which is the largest artery
of the body -
Facts Concerning the Heart
 The heart has two nodes the S/A node over
the right atrium and the A/V node over the
left ventricle – also known as the pacemaker
they stimulate the heart to beat –
 Veins bring the blood back to the heart  Arteries take the blood away from the heart The heart has four chambers 2 atriums and
2 ventricles -
Heart facts continued –
Blood Pressure is the pressure that
the blood makes against the walls
of the arteries as it leaves the heart –
Diastole pressure is the heart at rest –
 Systole is the pressure of the blood
under contractionThe normal pulse rate for the average
adult is 72-80 beats per minute –
Stroke volume is the total amount of
blood pumped out of the heart in a
single beat -
Heart Problems
Rheumatic Fever is caused by a streptococci
infection –
Arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) high
serum cholesterol contribute to this problem –
 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)  Heart Disease may be caused by diphtheria,
scarlet fever, and syphilis –
Smoking sends many pollutants through
the heart –
 Heart Attack and Stroke (Apoplexy) -
Thomas Woodrow Wilson
1856-1924
28th President
1919 stroke
Dwight David Eisenhower
1890-1969
34th President
Stoke 1957
Stents: Metal or Plastic
mesh-like material – placed in
a coronary artery to prevent it
from re-closing after
Balloon Angioplasty
.
Welcome
com
Reference > Anatomy of the Human Body > Fig. 505
PREVIOUS
NEXT
Heart Bypass Surgery
CONTENTS · BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD · ILLUSTRATIONS · SUBJECT INDEX