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Chapter 8: Ancient and Medieval Europe
Grade 7
SECTION ONE: ANCIENT GREECE (Pages 340-347)
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Greece is a peninsula and a group of islands that just out from
southern Europe into the Mediterranean Sea.
Aegean World= islands of Crete and Rhodes and the lands of
Ionia.
Mountainous area with an irregular coastline.
Land is rugged and mostly rocky.
Ancient Greeks mostly settled in valleys with fertile soil near the
coast.
o They set up farms and fished.
o Mountains or bodies of water often separated these settled
areas. (Each have its own individual spirit)
The Rise of City States:
 Two civilizations developed in the Aegean world: Minoans (lived
on Crete and other islands)+ Mycenaeans (Settled on Greek
mainland)
o Minoans:
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Skilled sailors who developed a writing system.
(traded with Greece, Egypt and Sicily)
Mycenaeans conquered the Minoans and borrowed
their system of writing and built fortified towers.
1200 B.C. Mycenaean civilization collapsed for
unknown reasons.
o City-States:
 Many fortified towns in Greece gradually developed
into city-states.
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Each city-state was independent and often fought
frequently with other city-states.
Many city-states were aristocracies run by wealthy
landowners.
In many city-states farmers and merchants rebelled
against the aristocrats.
 Tyrants took control to restore order.
In some areas, tyrants were replaced by an
oligarchy.
Athenian Democracy:
 Reformers looked to replace the oligarchy to stop the abuse of
power.
 They chose to replace oligarchy with a democracy “rule by the
many”.
o Solon: ended slavery
 Granted citizens rights to vote for government
officials.
o Pericles: Made more democratic reforms in Athens. Set up
salaries for public officials so people could serve in the
government.
 He came up with Direct Democracy.
Oligarchy in Sparta:
 Sparta followed an oligarchy. (Rule by a few=aristocrats)
 Trained for war from the age of 7 (boys were taken from their
homes and put into training)
 Spartan women enjoyed more freedom than Athenian women.
(they could own land and take part in business).
YOU MUST KNOW THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA.
REVIEW FOR EXAMS
QUESTIONS FROM PAGE 347
Q 1, 3, 5