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Transcript
6th Grade Earth Science – Inside Earth Vocabulary 1. crust – the layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface 2. lithosphere – a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and crust 3. mantle – the layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust & core 4. asthenosphere (convecting mantle) – the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats 5. outer core – a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the Earth 6. inner core – a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of the Earth 7. magnet – a material that attracts steel, iron, cobalt, and nickel 8. Earth as a magnet – the Earth acts like a magnet because of the liquid outer core made of iron and nickel which spins as the earth rotates and creates a magnetic field and the north & south poles on earth 9. compass – an instrument composed of a small, light-weight magnet called a needle, that is balanced on a frictionless bearing 10. continental drift – the hypothesis that the continents slowly move across the Earth’s surface 11. sea-floor spreading – the process by which molten material adds new crust to the ocean floor 12. subduction – the process by which ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle. 13. plate tectonics – the theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle 14. divergent boundary – a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other 15. convergent boundary – a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other 16. transform boundary – a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions 17. earthquake – the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface 18. volcano – a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface 19. mountain building – Mountain formation refers to the geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains