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2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Objectives 2.1 The Atomic Theory of Matter I can… 2.4 Atomic Weights I can… Describe the 4 postulates of Dalton’s atomic Use the unit of atomic mass unit (amu) in theory and know which parts are still believed to be true today. Define the three theories that Dalton explained in terms of atoms: o Law of Conservation of Matter o Law of Definite/Constant Proportions o Law of Multiple Proportions 2.2 The Discovery of Atomic Structure I can… Describe the significance of J.J. Thomson’s cathode ray and Millikan’s oil drop experiments. Cite the evidence from studies of radioactivity for the existence of subatomic particles. Describe how Rutherford’s gold foil experiment established the basic structure of the nuclear atom. 2.3 The Modern View of Atomic Structure I can… Describe the composition of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Give the approximate size, relative mass, and charge of an atom, proton, neutron, and electron Distinguish between physical and chemical properties and also physical and chemical changes. Write the chemical symbol for an isotope of an element, having been given its mass number an atomic number, and perform the reverse operation. Represent the nucleus with isotopic notation, such as: 220 86 Rn or radon-220. Recognize when two nuclei are isotopes of each other. calculation of masses of atoms. Define the term atomic weight and calculate the atomic weight of an element given its natural distribution of isotopes (% abundance) and atomic masses. 2.5 The Periodic Table I can… Use the periodic table to determine the atomic number, atomic symbol, and atomic weight of an element. Define the terms group and period and recognize the common groups of elements. Use the periodic table to predict whether an element is metallic, nonmetallic, or metalloid. 2.6 Molecules and Molecular Compounds I can… Define the term molecule and recognize which elements typically combine to form molecules. Write the formula of the 7 diatomic molecules. Distinguish between empirical and molecular formulas. Draw the structural and ball-and-stick formulas of a substance given its chemical formula and the linkage between atoms. 2.7 Ions and Ionic Compounds I can… Use the periodic table to predict the charges of monatomic ions of non-transition elements. Write the symbol and charge for an atom or ion having been given the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons and perform the reverse operation. Determine whether a substance is likely to be molecular or ionic. Write the simplest formula of an ionic compound having been given the charges of ions from which it is made. 2.8 Naming Inorganic Compounds I can… Write the name of a simple inorganic compound having been given its chemical formula and perform the reverse operation. Write and name common polyatomic ions. Write and name acids based on anions whose names end in -ide, -ate, and -ite. Write the name of simple binary molecular compounds and perform the reverse operation. 2.9 Some Simple Organic Compounds I can… Define the terms hydrocarbon, alkane, alcohol, and be able to name simple alkanes and alcohols, having been given the chemical formula, and perform the reverse operation. Write the name of the simplest alkanes containing one through ten carbons.