Download AP Chapter 2 Objectives

2  Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Objectives
2.1 The Atomic Theory of Matter
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2.4 Atomic Weights
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 Describe the 4 postulates of Dalton’s atomic
 Use the unit of atomic mass unit (amu) in
theory and know which parts are still believed to
be true today.
 Define the three theories that Dalton explained
in terms of atoms:
o Law of Conservation of Matter
o Law of Definite/Constant
Proportions
o Law of Multiple Proportions
2.2 The Discovery of Atomic Structure
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 Describe the significance of J.J. Thomson’s
cathode ray and Millikan’s oil drop
experiments.
 Cite the evidence from studies of radioactivity
for the existence of subatomic particles.
 Describe how Rutherford’s gold foil experiment
established the basic structure of the nuclear
atom.
2.3 The Modern View of Atomic
Structure
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 Describe the composition of an atom in terms of
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
 Give the approximate size, relative mass, and
charge of an atom, proton, neutron, and electron
Distinguish between physical and chemical
properties and also physical and chemical
changes.
 Write the chemical symbol for an isotope of an
element, having been given its mass number an
atomic number, and perform the reverse
operation.
 Represent the nucleus with isotopic notation,
such as:
220
86
Rn or radon-220.
 Recognize when two nuclei are isotopes of each
other.
calculation of masses of atoms.
 Define the term atomic weight and calculate the
atomic weight of an element given its natural
distribution of isotopes (% abundance) and
atomic masses.
2.5 The Periodic Table
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 Use the periodic table to determine the atomic
number, atomic symbol, and atomic weight of an
element.
 Define the terms group and period and recognize
the common groups of elements.
 Use the periodic table to predict whether an
element is metallic, nonmetallic, or metalloid.
2.6 Molecules and Molecular
Compounds
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 Define the term molecule and recognize which
elements typically combine to form molecules.
 Write the formula of the 7 diatomic molecules.
 Distinguish between empirical and molecular
formulas.
 Draw the structural and ball-and-stick formulas of
a substance given its chemical formula and the
linkage between atoms.
2.7 Ions and Ionic Compounds
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 Use the periodic table to predict the charges of
monatomic ions of non-transition elements.
 Write the symbol and charge for an atom or ion
having been given the number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons and perform the reverse
operation.
 Determine whether a substance is likely to be
molecular or ionic.
 Write the simplest formula of an ionic compound
having been given the charges of ions from which
it is made.
2.8 Naming Inorganic Compounds
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 Write the name of a simple inorganic compound
having been given its chemical formula and
perform the reverse operation.
 Write and name common polyatomic ions.
 Write and name acids based on anions whose
names end in -ide, -ate, and -ite.
 Write the name of simple binary molecular
compounds and perform the reverse operation.
2.9 Some Simple Organic Compounds
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 Define the terms hydrocarbon, alkane, alcohol,
and be able to name simple alkanes and
alcohols, having been given the chemical
formula, and perform the reverse operation.
 Write the name of the simplest alkanes
containing one through ten carbons.