Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Communication Process: • Why is it important to study communication? • Communication models (progression) • Principles & Misconceptions of Communication • Communication Contexts Why do we communicate? To fulfill practical needs (to give or get information) To fulfill physical needs To fulfill identity needs Communication We take it for granted AND we don’t do it very well. We’ve been “communicating” for years Communication has an inherent tendency to deteriorate Why do we have problems ? Language misinterpretation Words pronounced the same but have different meanings Language is not gender-free Lack of words for situations We don’t speak the way we write or think Communication Models What is a model? Who Says What Using Which Channel To Whom With What Effect Howard Lasswell, 1948 Simple Model 1960 David Berlo’s SMCR Model Message Channel Sender Receiver Not in the Berlo Model Message Channel Sender Receiver Tweaking the Model Noise Context b eehaves ncodes Source decodes Communicator/ Participant Physical (external) Physiological (internal) Psychological (internal) Semantic (internal) Channel decodes Receiver behaves Communicator/ Participant Context Psychological Relational Environmental Situational Cultural Types of Messages Intentional verbal messages Unintentional verbal messages Intentional nonverbal messages Unintentional nonverbal messages verbal nonverbal intentional unintentional Model progression Linear = 1-way communication Interactive = 2-way communication ACTION Communication as Action / Message Transfer Source encodes a message to send through a channel where it is decoded by a receiver (affected by noise) NO FEEDBACK! Message Exchange Included feedback, changed “encode” to behave, added noise, multiple channels, consideration of context EXCHANGE EXCHANGE Transactional = simultaneous communication Message Creation Viewed as most realistic CREATE Revised Definition: Communication A continuous, transactional process involving participants operating within specific contexts where they create a relationship by simultaneously sending and receiving messages via channels, many of which are distorted by noise. Principles of Communication Communication can be intentional or unintentional It is impossible not to communicate (you cannot not communicate) Communication is irreversible Communication is unrepeatable Communication is contextual Misconceptions of Communication Meanings are in words More communication is better Communication will solve all problems Communication is simple (Effective) Communication is a natural ability (maybe… consider Communibiological approach) Where we are heading… Communication Contexts Interpersonal/dyadic Family Communication Small Group Communication Public Communication Mass Communication (Media) Organizational Communication Health Communication Intercultural Communication Interviewing Duck & McMahon discuss Instructional communication Communication theory Cultural Communication Family Communication Group Communication Interpersonal Communication Media Health Communication Organizational Communication Persuasion Political Communication Public Relations Rhetorical Criticism Effective Communication occurs when . . . as it was initiated & intended the Stimulus by the Sender corresponds to the Stimulus 1 R= S as it is perceived & responded to by the Receiver 5 Outcomes of Communication Understanding (isomorphism) Pleasure Attitude Influence Improved Relationships Action 1 R = S