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The Communication Why do we communicate? To fulfill practical needs (to give or get information) To fulfill physical needs To fulfill identity needs ? Communication ¾We take it for granted AND we don’t do it very well. ¾We’ve been “communicating” for years ¾Communication has an inherent tendency to deteriorate Why do we have problems ? ¾Language misinterpretation Words pronounced the same but have different meanings Language is not gender-free Lack of words for situations We don’t speak the way we write or think Definition of Communication A transactional, symbolic process which allows people to relate and manage their environments by: Establishing human contact Exchanging information Reinforcing the attitudes and behaviors of others Changing the attitudes and behaviors of others Communication Models Answer the Questions: Who Says What In Which Channel To Whom With What Effect ? ? ? ? ? Communication Models Linear Interactive Transactional Linear Model: Shannon-Weaver Model Message Information Source Signal Received Signal Transmitter Message Receiver Destination Noise Source Linear Model: Berlo Model r e el ve i g n e a e rc s c an S ou M es C h R e Encodes Decodes “Noise” Any forces that interfere with effective communication: External (physical) noise Physiological noise Psychological noise Interactive Model People exchange messages, using feedback “Feedback” is the receiver’s verbal and non-verbal response to the message. Interactive Model Environment Environment Receiver Decodes Message ha n Behaves Message C Sender ne l Person A Person B Decodes Receiver Behaves Sender Transactional Model Participants create a relationship by simultaneously sending and receiving messages Simultaneous transmission and reception of messages Process-oriented, meaning you cannot isolate a single discrete “act” of communication from the events that precede it or follow it. (Remember CONTEXT is important) Revised Definition: Communication A continuous, transactional process involving participants who occupy different but overlapping environments and create a relationship by simultaneously sending and receiving messages through channels, many of which are distorted by noise. Principles of Communication Communication can be intentional or unintentional It is impossible not to communicate (you cannot not communicate) Communication is irreversible Communication is unrepeatable Misconceptions of Communication What you say is what you mean More communication is better Communication will solve all problems Communication is a natural ability Myths
