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COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
Human communication is concerned with
the making of meaning and the exchange
of understanding about human
development
 Lasswell's maxim, "who says what to
whom in which channel with what effect”
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GUESS WHO?
Exhibit 3-1: The Communication Process Model
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CBS model
I.
II.
III.
Clarity
Brevity
Sincerity
This model argues that the aforementioned are the
only purpose to prose discourse, therefore
communication.
Activity
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Due to the fact that
Employed the use of
Basic fundamentals
Completely eliminate
Alternative choices
Actual experience
Connected together
Final result
Prove conclusively
In as few words as possible
Brevity Activity
o
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o
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Due to the fact that
Employed the use of
Basic fundamentals
Completely eliminate
Alternative choices
Actual experience
Connected together
Final result
Prove conclusively
In as few words as possible
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Because
Used
Fundamentals
Eliminate
Alternatives
Experience
Connected
Result
Prove
Concisely
Communication model by Rothwell
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sender--- --the initiator and encoder of a message
Receiver---- the one that receives the message (the
listener) and the decoder of a message
Decode---- translating the senders spoken
idea/message into something the receiver
understands by using his knowledge of language
from personal experience.
Encode----- puts the idea into spoken language
while putting their own meaning into the
word/message.
5. Channel------ the medium through which the
message travels such as through oral communication
(radio, television, phone, in person) or written
communication (letters, email, text messages)
6. Feedback----- the receivers verbal and nonverbal
responses to a message such as a nod for
understanding (nonverbal), a raised eyebrow for
being confused (nonverbal), or asking a question to
clarify the message (verbal).
7. Message----- the verbal and nonverbal components
of language that is sent to the receiver by the
sender which conveys an idea
8. Noise----- Interference with effective transmission
and reception of a message.
Physical
noise or external noise which are
environmental distractions such as poorly heated
rooms, startling sounds.
Physiological noise are biological influences that
distract you from communicating competently such as
sweaty palms, pounding heart, butterfly in the
stomach, induced by speech anxiety, or feeling sick,
exhausted at work, the ringing noise in your ear.
Psychological
noise are the preconception bias
and assumptions such as thinking someone who
speaks like a valley girl is dumb, or someone from
a foreign country can’t speak English well so you
speak loudly and slowly to them.
Semantic noise are word choices that are
confusing and distracting such as using the word
tri-syllabic instead of three syllables.
Listening and Drawing
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Draw an egg shape
Draw a circle touching the egg shape
Draw a small circle inside the circle you have just drawn
Draw three straight lines inside the egg shape
Draw two small lines coming out of the circle that touch at one
end
Repeat just below
Draw two longer lines coming out of the egg shape
Draw a line to join up these two lines
Draw three straight lines inside the shape you have just created
Draw two lines coming out of the bottom of the egg shape
Draw two short lines coming out of the lines you have just drawn
LINEAR MODEL
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Linear Model – is a one way model to communicate
with others. It consists of the sender encoding a
message and channeling it to the receiver in the
presence of noise. Draw backs – the linear model
assumes that there is a clear cut beginning and end
to communication. It also displays no feedback from
the receiver.
For example; a letter, email, text message, lecture.
LINEAR MODEL
INTERACTIVE MODEL
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Interactive Model – is two linear models stacked on top
of each other. The sender channels a message to the
receiver and the receiver then becomes the sender and
channels a message to the original sender. This model
has added feedback, indicates that communication is
not a one way but a two way process.
For example – instant messaging. The sender sends an
IM to the receiver, then the original sender has to wait
for the IM from the original receiver.
INTERACTIVE MODEL
QUESTIONS
Activity
An open question starts with, what, why, how.
Closed questions are questions that only need a
one word answer, like yes or no.
In this exercise you will practice a conversation and
you are not allowed to use a closed question.
 Work in pairs, follow the instructions for ‘A’s and ‘B’s.
Workplace Listening: Instructions for
A's
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You are the boss at a local newsagent and you are
interviewing person B for a cashiers job.
Try to bring out the best in the candidate by really
asking them about themselves. You may only ask
open questions. For example;
Why did you apply for this job?
Can you say a bit more about...
Tell me about...
How do you feel about
Workplace Listening: Instructions for
B's
You are applying for a cashier's job at your local
newsagent. You want to work Saturdays and one
night during the week to make some extra money.
You are at the interview with the boss. You must tell
them about yourself and he can ask you questions.
Talk about ….
 Why you want the job
 Any work experience you have
 An example of what you have done before
Various kinds of written communications
Communication skills
are essential for job
success. Choose one
of the following
professions and
discuss the various
kinds of written
communications
needed to carry out
the duties of this job
Salesperson
 Manager
 Nurse
 Electrician
 Accountant
 Flight attendant
 Mechanic
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