Download Patterns in American domestic Affairs

Patterns in American domestic
Affairs
Roaring Twenties
Great Depression
1950s
Civil Rights
1960s
Unit 5
• List as many things about the 1920s
• List as many things you can about the Great
Depression
• List as many things as you can about the 1950s
• Who were some of the great Civil Rights
leaders?
Roaring Twenties
• One of the most prosperous times in American history
• Factors underlying prosperity
– Rise of industrialization
– Assembly line
– Mass consumption and advertising
• Women
– 19th Amendment: women suffrage- women’s right to
vote
– More assertive
– Flappers
• Harlem Renaissance: the center of African-American
life in the 1920s was Harlem, NY. Jazz and art flourished
here
• Great Migration: The migration of African-Americans
from the South to northern cities. Began after WW I, and
increased in the 1920s
Roaring Twenties Problems
• Not everything was good
• Red Scare: in 1919, a wave of strikes hit America, many
saw this as a communist revolution
– This lead to arrest of radicals accused of
overthrowing the government
– Sacco and Vanzetti: immigrants accused of robbing
and murder, found guilty and executed without
sufficient evidence
• Nativism: a dislike for foreigners. The red scare will
cause a rise in this
• KKK: Ku Klux Klan- saw a revival in this racist’s
organization, who hate Africans, foreigners, Jews, and
Catholics
• Immigration: was restricted by Congress, they passed
quotas based on percentages in 1921, 1924, and 1929
2006 OGT question
In the early 20th century, many African-Americans
moved from the South to cities in the North. This “Great
Migration” helped stimulate a flowering of artistic talent
by African-Americans in New York known as the Harlem
Renaissance. One way in which the Harlem
Renaissance was significant was that it
A. reduced racial tensions in the northern cities.
B. led to a decline in activity by the Ku Klux Klan.
C. led to a relaxation of restrictions on African-Americans
in the South.
D. contributed to the recognition of African-American
culture.
2007 OGT question
In the late 1800s, a population shift among African
Americans began in the United States. Known as the
“Great Migration,” this pattern of shifting population
accelerated as a result of World War I and continued
throughout the 1920s.
• Describe the population shift involved in the “Great
Migration.”
• Explain how this migration produced an important
change in the domestic affairs of the United States
during the first three decades of the twentieth century.
(4 points)
2006 OGT question
Actions taken by organizations such as those shown in the photo
above helped bring about
A. the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.
B. the decision in Brown v. Board of Education.
C. the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
D. the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
The Great Depression
Causes of the Great Depression
• Uneven Distribution of Wealth: Half of all Americans
were poor. Farms and factories were productive but
most people could not afford to buy anything because of
low wages
• Easy Credit: Americans began buying things on the
installment plan- houses, cars, stock, etc…
• Imbalance in Foreign Trade: Congress passed tariffs
so people would buy American products instead of
foreign goods
• Mechanization: New technology was developed in
factories and construction. The new technology
produced more goods with less workers
• Worksheet The Nation’s Economy Crashes Questions
1-5
CRASH
• Housing: from 1926-1929, few houses were
being built
• Inventories: in 1929, businesses were stock
piling goods, three times higher than the
previous years.
• Joseph P. Kennedy: given the signs of the
times, he began selling his stock and made
huge profits
• Stock Holders: only 1.5 million Americans
owned stock out of a population of 120 million.
650,000 people bought stock on margin or
speculation
Black Tuesday
• In early September 1929, stock prices peaked
and then began to fall.
• On October 24, the market took a plunge, a lot
of investors unloaded their shares but the worse
was yet to come.
• Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929, the bottom
fell out of the market, a record 16.4 million
shares were dumped and a lot could not find
buyers
• People who bought on margin were stuck with
huge debt and others lost most of their savings.
By mid November, investors lost $30 billion.
Hoover Years
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Herbert Hoover was president from 1928-1932
Economic conditions grew worse in America and the world
Businesses: 85,000 closed down
Farms: 400,000 lost to foreclosures
Banks: 6,000 banks closed, 25% of all the banks in the U.S.- wiping
out 9 million savings accounts
Unemployment: 12,000,000 people will lose their jobs, which was
about 25% of population
Welfare: No system of direct relief
Women: at first could find jobs, but as time goes on most Americans
believe men should work
Children: Felt the hard times the worse, malnutrition rose
Education: schools shut down for lack of funds. They were only
open for 60 days and in most districts women could not teach
Hoover believes that depressions were normal
Election of 1932
Herbert Hoover
Republican
Most Americans blamed
him for the Depression
16 million votes
Franklin Roosevelt
Democrat
Governor of New York
Distant cousin of Teddy
Roosevelt
23 million vote
FDR’ S NEW DEAL
• By the time Roosevelt became President in 1933, things
were even worse.
• New Deal: FDR’s plan to get us out of the Depression
• Bank Holiday: first thing FDR did was close all the
banks. The Treasury Department would check out all
banks to see if they were sound, if not, they closed.
• First Hundred Days: Congress was called to special
session, from March 9 to June 11, 1933. In these
hundred days Congress passed more legislation than
they usually pass in two years.
• It still was not enough, Americans were still not working.
• Worksheet Roosevelt Faces a Difficult Challenge
Questions 1-10 and The first Hundred Days set the Tone
Dust Bowl
From 1932 until 1936
Causes:
– During the previous decade, farmers from Texas to North Dakota
had used tractors to break up the grasslands and plant millions
of acres of new farm land.
– Farmers had then exhausted the land with overproduction of
crops and the grasslands became unsuitable for farming.
– In 1932, a drought occurred in the Mid West United States.
– With no grass or trees the top soil was not protected.
– Everything dried up and turned to dust and blew away.
– Look at the map and picture on page 474 in text book.
– Video “Broke not Broken” (12 Minutes)
– Pictures next two slides
Government Programs
• Social Security: In 1935, Congress passed it, as a
pension plan for the elderly and death benefits for
Children.
• Unemployment Act: It gave workers compensation for
losing there job for a short period of time.
• Wagner Act: it changed the philosophy of the federal
government from pro business to pro labor.
• Fair Labor Standards Act: set a minimum wage of 25
cents an hour, a 44 hour work week and children under
the age of 16 were banned from working.
• Welfare: there was no welfare system in America during
the Great Depression.
Typical American Family:
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Was not on welfare
2 adults, 2 children
Husband worked
Wife was a homemaker
6 or 4 room apartment
Fewer people got married
Fewer babies
85% of population had a radio
Still went to the movie
Big bands become famous
Even though FDR tried a lot of
new programs including the New
Deal, which helped people get
jobs, the only thing that truly got
the U.S. out of the Depression
was World War II
2008 OGT question
How did the U.S. government’s role in the economy
change as a result of the Great Depression?
A. The federal government had a diminished role in
regulating economic activity.
B. The federal government maintained the role it had in
economic matters before the Great Depression.
C. The federal government expanded its role in
regulating economic activity and promoting economic
growth.
D. The federal government transferred its role in
economic affairs over to the state governments.
Who are these people?
Dwight D. Eisenhower
• President from 1952
to1960
• One of the most
prosperous times in
American history
• Entertainment
• Civil Rights
• Cold War
• Vietnam
Suburbs
• Areas just outside cities
• Began to grow after WW II
• Developed inexpensive mass produced
homes
• Able to develop because of the automobile
Baby Boom
• From 1946-1964
• Americans were having more babies than
any other time in U.S. history
• In 1957 a baby was born every 7 seconds
in the U.S.
Space Race
• 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik:
a satellite into to space using a missile
• JFK promised to land a man on the moon
by 1970
• John Glenn: 1962, first American to orbit
the earth
• Neil Armstrong” first man to step on the
moon
2009 OGT Question
Which advance was largely responsible for
the growth of suburbs in the United States
in the mid-20th century?
A. the development of color televisions
B. improvements in passenger airplanes
C. widespread availability of automobiles
D. the invention of the personal computer
• Cold War
• The state of hostility,
without direct military
conflict, that
developed between
the United States and
the Soviet Union after
WW II
• Two “Superpowers”
• A-bomb: Nagasaki
• Containment
• Truman
Doctrine
• The efforts of the U.S. to block the
spread of Soviet influence any
where in the world
• U.S. Foreign Policy from 1950 –
1975
• Reason why U.S. gets involved in
Cuba, Germany, Korea and
Vietnam
• President Truman will announce to
the world that the U.S. will provide
economic and military aid to any
free nation threatened by
communism
Hot “Spots”
– Germany
• Berlin
– Berlin Airlift
– Berlin Wall
– Korea
• Korean War: North Korea attacks South Korea
– Cuba
• Fidel Castro
– Bay of Pigs
– Cuban Missile Crises
– Vietnam
Berlin Airlift
• After WW II Germany was divided into West
Germany and East Germany
• Berlin was also divided into East Berlin and
West Berlin
• East is Communist
• West is Democratic
• Communist East Germany did not like the
idea of having a democratic city in a
communist country so they blocked the
railroads and highways letting nothing in or
out. The U.S. and other NATO country flew
food and supplies into West Berlin for 327
days
Korean War
• Korea
• After WW II, it was divided in half at the
38th parallel. North Korea was
communist and South Korea was
democratic.
• In 1950, North Korea attacks South
Korea
• United Nations forces were called upon
to protect South Korea; 90% were
American troops
• After two years of fighting the two sides
called for an armistice
• The countries are still divided at the 38th
parallel
• Eisenhower
Doctrine
• U-2 incident
• A U.S. commitment to defend the
Middle East against attack by any
communist country
• U-2 was a U.S. spy plane that could
not be detected by radar
• On May 1,1960 an U-2 plane flown
by Francis Gary Powers was
supposedly shot down over the
Soviet Union
• At first Eisenhower denied that the U2 had been spying.
• The Soviet Union had evidence to
prove it, including Powers admitting
he was
McCarthyism
• Joseph
McCarthy
• American Politician, who led a campaign
against communists in the early 1950s
• He accused various high ranking officials
in the State Department of being
communist
• He continued to accuse people over the
next 4 years, ruining a lot of peoples lives
• Finally after accusing the Sec.of the Army
of concealing foreign espionage
activities, the Senate held an
investigation where they found abuses in
methods and censured him
• His political career was ruined, but still
remained in the Senate until his death in
1957
Plessy v. Ferguson
• In 1896
• U.S. Supreme Court ruled that “Separate
but Equal” was constitutional
• Lasted for 60 years
The Civil Rights
Movement
Civil Rights
• Rosa Parks
• Brown v. Board of Ed
• Martin Luther King Jr.
• Little Rock, Arkansas
Civil Rights
• What are Jim Crow Laws?
• Segregation laws in the South
• Examples: White schools and Black
schools
White drinking fountains and Black
drinking fountains
• When did we end Jim Crow Laws?
Brown vs. Board of Education
• 1954-In Kansas, a black third-grader, Linda
Brown, had to walk 1 mile to her black
elementary school. While she lived 7 blocks
away from a white elementary school. Her father
tried to enroll her there, but the principal refused.
• The issue was taken to court. The Supreme
Court required the desegregation of schools
across the U.S.
• This case overturn Plessy v. Ferguson
Thurgood Marshall
• Thurgood Marshall was a civil rights lawyer.
• He presented more than 30 civil rights cases to the
Supreme Court.
• He won 29 of his cases. One of his most recognized
cases was Brown vs. Board of Education.
• Becomes the first African-American Supreme Court
Justice
Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Started December 1, 1955.
• The blacks in Montgomery, Alabama
decided to boycott the city buses until they
could sit where they wanted and not have
to move to the back when whites boarded.
• An important person involved in the Civil
Rights Movement was Rosa Parks. She
refused to give up her seat to a white in
1955.
Martin Luther King
• Martin Luther King was a strong worker for civil
rights and was a member of the executive
committee of the National Association for the
Advancement of colored people.
• In 1955, he accepted the leadership of the first
great Negro nonviolent demonstration of
contemporary times in the U.S. It was called the
Montgomery Bus Boycott. He was arrested and
his home was bombed.
Cont.
• In 1957, King was elected president of the
Southern Christian Leadership
Conference. He traveled over six million
miles and spoke over 2,500 times.
• He later led a protest in Birmingham,
Alabama that grabbed the attention of the
entire world.
• He delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech
in 1963.
Cont.
• He received a Nobel Peace Prize.
• King gave the prize money of $ 54,123 to the
furtherance of the civil rights movement.
• Martin Luther King was assassinated on April 4,
1968.
Sit-Ins
• 1961-Sit-ins were when blacks would sit in
segregated stores until they were served.
• At first, they had no effect. The blacks were not
served, but not harassed either.
• On February 27, sit-in students in Nashville were
attacked by a group of whites. The whites were
released from the police, but the blacks were
arrested and fined.
• The demonstrations showed that nonviolent
actions could be very useful in the fight against
segregation.
Freedom Rides
• 1961-To test the commitment of civil rights
of the president, Kennedy, CORE
(Congress of Racial Equality) proposed a
“Freedom Ride.”
• The “Freedom Ride” was a bus trip with a
interracial group where the whites sat in
the back and the blacks sat in the front.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Prohibited racial discrimination in hotels,
restaurants, parks, theatres and other
public accommodations
• Prohibited discrimination because of race
religion, national origin, and gender
OGT Question
What is one direct consequence of the U.S. civil
rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s?
A. the right to freedom of religion for all citizens
B. the end of legal segregation in public places
C. the granting of citizenship to AfricanAmericans
D. the passing of legislation to protect the
accused
OGT Question
What was the effect of the passage of Jim Crow
laws in the United States in the late 19th
century?
A. Racial segregation was required by law in
southern states.
B. Native Americans were moved onto
reservations.
C. Restrictions were placed on business
monopolies.
D. Women were denied the right to vote in
national elections.
OGT Question
In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson persuaded
Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act, which
outlawed racial discrimination in public places,
such as theaters, cafeterias and hotels.
This was an attempt to
A. maintain poll taxes for African-Americans.
B. stop African-American northward migration.
C. end segregation legalized by Jim Crow laws.
D. segregate public busing in major American
cities.
Counter-Culture
• Also known as the Hippie movement
• Young white middle class college students
• Dressed in bright colors, jeans, beads, and
had long hair
• Experimented in drugs
• Liked listening to folk and Rock-n-Roll
music
• Also involved in the anti-war movement
Women’s Liberation Movement
• Women wanted economic and social equality
• Many women were dissatisfied with being
homemakers
• National Organization for Women (NOW)
– Wanted gender equality
– Military academies, law schools, medical schools now
except women
– They opposed titles such as policeman and fireman
– Betty Friedan helped by writing “The Feminine
Mystique”
– Wanted an Equal Rights Amendment
United Farm Workers (UFW)
• Formed to help Mexican migrant farm
workers
• Cesar Chavez was the founder
– Helped unionize the farm workers
– Organized boycotts
American Indian Movement (AIM)
• Represented the views of Native
Americans
• At first confronted the government violently
• Convinced Congress to pass laws for the
right to Self-Rule
• Russell Means was an important leader
OGT Question
What was the perspective of women who
founded the National Organization for Women
(NOW) in 1966?
A. Women wanted to receive equal pay and
opportunities for advancement in the workplace.
B. Women were afraid of being forced to work in
physically challenging jobs.
C. Women were angry at the prospect of having
to serve in the military.
D. Women wanted to gain the right to vote and
to own property.
OGT Question
In the 1960s and 1970s, Hispanic-American farm
workers in the United States believed their employers
were failing to provide reasonable wages and working
conditions like those received by other American
workers.
For this reason, Hispanic-American farm workers
A. urged the exportation of agricultural produce.
B. organized the United Farm Workers Association.
C. encouraged farm producers to lower prices.
D. opposed passage of anti-discrimination laws.