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Cold War Vocabulary

Ideology-A set of doctrines or beliefs that form the basis of a political, economic, or other
system.

Cold War-the state of diplomatic hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union in the
decades following World War II.

Arms Race- Competition between United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies
where the nations tested nuclear technology and built up supplies of nuclear weapons.

Communism-An economic system in which all means of production—land, mines, factories,
railroads, and businesses—are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all
goods and services are shared equally.

Capitalism-An economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in
business ventures in order to make a profit.

United Nations-An international peacekeeping organization founded in 1945 to provide security
to the nations of the world.

NATO-the North Atlantic Treaty Organization –a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by
ten Western European nations, the United States, and Canada.

The Warsaw Pact-A military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and seven Eastern
European countries.

Marshall Plan-U.S. program of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after
World War II.

Molotov Plan-The system created by the Soviet Union in 1947 in order to provide aid to rebuild
the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the Soviet
Union.

Truman Doctrine-Announced by President Harry Truman in 1947, a U.S. policy of giving
economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents.

Berlin Airlift-Airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the
Russians closed off land access to Berlin.

Berlin Wall-A guarded wall built between East and West Berlin in 1961 by the communist
authorities.

Iron Curtain-During the Cold War, the boundary separating the Communist nations of Eastern
Europe from the mostly democratic nations of Western Europe.

Totalitarianism-Government control over every aspect of public and private life.
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