Download 26.1 Origins of the Cold War

26-1 The Origins of the Cold War
WRITE ON BACK of
Note Page: Cold
War = State of
hostility between the
Soviet Union and the
U.S but without
direct military action
But first… A look
back at decisions
made at Yalta
The Division of Germany and Berlin
Cause: Soviet Leader Joseph Stalin refused free
elections in Eastern Europe and set up Satellite
nations
1. US Action = Policy of Containment to block
further soviet expansion
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
[“Iron Curtain”]
GOAL  spread worldwide Communism
METHODOLOGIES:
US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL  “Containment”
of Communism & the
eventual collapse of the
Communist world.
[George Kennan]
1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts
of Third World peoples [Communist govt. &
command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist
economy]  “proxy wars”
4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
2. US Action = Truman Doctrine: U.S. will
support any free country resisting soviet takeover
•March 12, 1947
Greece and Turkey in
danger of falling to
communist insurgents
•Truman requests
$400 million from
Congress in aid to
both countries.
•Successful effort
Cause: Soviet Action- Soviets blockade
Berlin for almost a year
3. Effect: Berlin Airlift (1948-49)
• Blockade of Berlin
began on June
24, ’48
• From June 1948 to
May 1949, U.S. and
British planes airlift
1.5 million tons of
supplies to the
residents of West
Berlin.
• After 200,000
flights, the Soviet
Union lifts the
blockade.
4: Another Effect: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(1949) is formed
U.S. joins other Western
European nations in creating
NATO, a defensive military
alliance
 United States
 Luxemburg
 Belgium
 Netherlands
 Britain
 Norway
 Canada
 Portugal
 Denmark
 1952: Greece &
Turkey
 France
 Iceland
 Italy
 1955: West Germany
 1983: Spain
Marshall Plan [1948]
1.
“European Recovery
Program.”
2.
Secretary of State,
George Marshall
3.
The U. S. should provide
aid to all European nations
that need it. This move
is not against any country or doctrine, but
against hunger, poverty, desperation, and
chaos.
4.
$12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe
extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but
this was rejected].