Download May 18 and 19 Cold War Activities

COLD WAR HOT SPOTS
In yesterdays reading of Chapter 33 Section 4 you were introduced to how the
cold war affected developing nations such as Nicaraugua, Iran, and Cuba.
As a quick review answer the following questions on the back of your Cuban
Missile Crisis Video Notes:
1.
Countries that remained independent of either of the Cold War
superpowers were called__________.
2.
Describe the “three worlds” after World War II.
3.
Why did Ayatollah Khomeini hate the U.S.?
4.
How was the Cuban Missile Crisis Resolved?
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
VIDEO
JOURNAL: CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
Journal: Cuban Missile Crisis
1.
2.
3.
How does it make you feel that in 1962 the world
came so close to nuclear war?
Which side, the United States or the Soviet Union, do
you think was most at fault for bringing about the
Crisis? For ending the Crisis?
What lessons do you think we can learn from the
Cuban Missile Crisis?
COLD WAR PREVIEW
HOT SPOT MAP AND TIMELINE
PUT A KEY ON YOUR MAP
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Communist
Iron Curtain
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
NATO
Warsaw Pact
Hot Spot/Proxy War
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
#1
During WWII, the Red Army fought
its way from Moscow to Berlin. The
Red Army had 12 million troops.
The American Army and the Red
Army were both trying to capture
Berlin first to be able to take credit
for the victory over Nazi Germany.
The Red Army got to Berlin first.
The Russians occupied Berlin and
never left. Color the Soviet Union
red and add red to your key.
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
#2
At a conference in
Yalta, during WWII, the
big powers agreed to
divide Germany and
Berlin after the war. The
United States would
occupy West Germany
and West Berlin and the
Soviet Union would
occupy East Germany
and East Berlin.
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
#3
The Soviet Union not only occupied Berlin,
but all of the other Eastern European
countries that they marched through on their
way to Berlin. These became Soviet satellite
states. The Soviet Union controlled these
nations from 1945 until the collapse of the
Soviet Union in 1991. Color the following
countries red: East Germany, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria,
Yugoslavia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
Although these people were liberated from
Nazi control, the Soviet Union installed
communist governments in every country in
Eastern Europe that you just colored red.
**TIMELINE – 1945 – SOVIET SATELLITE STATES
CREATED**
ORIGINS OF COLD WAR
#4
In 1946, Winston Churchill
delivered his ‘Iron Curtain’
speech. The Iron Curtain
referred to the fact that the
countries you colored in red
were controlled by the
Soviet Union and travel in
and out of those countries
was not allowed. Please
label the Iron Curtain on
your map.
**TIMELINE – 1946 – CHURCHILL DELIVERS IRON
CURTAIN ADDRESS**
ORIGINS OF COLD WAR
#5
In 1949, the
Communist leader
Mao (financed by the
Soviet Union) took
control of China and
installed a Communist
government there.
(Red China). Please
color China red.
**TIMELINE – 1949 – COMMUNIST
REVOLUTION IN CHINA**
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
#6
Eastern Europe was lost to the communists –
but Western Europe was another matter. The
U.S. used three different policies to prevent
Western European nations from falling to
communist aggression: The Marshall Plan,
The Truman Doctrine, and the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization. (NATO)
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
#6A
The Truman Doctrine – After the
Communists tried to take over
Greece and Turkey, President
Truman announced that he would
use U.S. political, economic and
military might to help any country
fight against communist aggression.
The doctrine was successful in
preventing Greece and Turkey from
falling to Communism. Please color
Turkey and Greece green. Add
green to your map key.
**TIMELINE – 1946 – TRUMAN DOCTRINE SENDS AID
TO GREECE AND TURKEY**
ORIGINS OF COLD WAR
#6B
The Marshall Plan – After the success of the
Truman Doctrine, the U.S. sent economic aid
to Western Europe to help them rebuild their
countries and to prevent them from falling to
communism. Color the nations which received
economic aid under the Marshall Plan blue:
West Germany, Austria, Belgium, France, Great
Britain, Italy, Luxembourg, Holland, Norway,
Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland. None of
these countries fell to communism thanks to
the $14 billion spend under the Marshall Plan.
Add blue to your map key.
MARSHALL PLAN
ORIGINS OF COLD WAR
#6C
NATO – The U.S., Canada, and many Western
European nations aided by the Marshall Plan decided
to form a military alliance against Soviet aggression.
This was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. If
the Soviet Union attacked any single member of
NATO, all of the other NATO nations would declare
war against the Soviet Union. The idea was that it
would prevent the Soviet Union from trying to take
over any NATO nation. It worked. Using your
pen/pencil, draw a dark N over the NATO nations:
Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland,
Italy, Lux, Holland, Norway, Portugal, West Germany,
Canada and the U.S. Add N to your map key.
**TIMELINE – 1950 – NATO FORMED**
ORIGINS OF COLD WAR
#6C
Warsaw Pact – In response to NATO, the
Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact. Under
the Warsaw Pact, if any nation was attacked by
a NATO nation, the rest of the Warsaw Pact
members would declare was against the NATO
nation. Using your pen/pencil, write a dark W
over the members of the Warsaw Pact: Soviet
Union, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, East
Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania,
Bulgaria, and Albania. Add W to your map key.
**TIMELINE – 1955 – WARSAW PACT FORMED**
ARMS RACE AND SPACE RACE
#1
In 1950 Truman approved
work on the hydrogen
bomb, a weapon far more
powerful than the atomic
bombs used in WWII.
American scientists tested
the first hydrogen bomb in
1952. **Timeline – 1952 –
U.S. develops hydrogen
bomb**
ARMS RACE AND SPACE RACE
#2
The Soviet Union tests its first
atomic bomb in 1949 and its
first hydrogen bomb in 1953. In
what became a nuclear arms
race, both the United States and
the Soviet Union rushed to
build more and more weapons.
**Timeline – 1949 – Soviets
develops nuclear bomb, 1953
– Soviets develop hydrogen
bomb**
ARMS RACE AND SPACE RACE
#3
In October 1957, the Soviets
launched Sputnik, the world’s first
artificial satellite. Americans
feared that if the Soviet Union
could launch a satellite, it could
launch missiles to attack the
United States. Later that year, the
U.S. government established
NASA to conduct research.
**Timeline – 1957 – Soviets
launch Sputnik, 1958 – U.S.
founds NASA**
ARMS RACE AND SPACE RACE
#4
The United States was
determined to catch up to and
surpass the Soviet Union in
the space race. On July 20,
1969, while millions of people
around the world watched on
television, American
astronauts Neil Armstrong
and Buzz Aldrin became the
first people to walk on the
moon.
**Timeline – 1969 –
Americans land on the
moon**
HOT SPOTS AND PROXY WARS
#1
Japan had controlled Korea from 1910
to the end of WWII. After the war,
the Allies divided Korea in half. The
Soviet Union would control the North,
and the United States occupied the
South. On June 25, 1950, North
Korea’s Soviet trained army invaded
South Korea. President Truman sent
troops to aid South Korea and war
broke out. Please color the Korean
Peninsula yellow as a hot spot – proxy
war. Label yellow on your key.
**TIMELINE – 1950 – KOREAN WAR**
HOT SPOTS AND PROXY WARS
#2
In 1961, the East German
government began building
the Berlin Wall, a barrier of
concrete and barbed wire
between East and West
Berlin. The wall stood as a
symbol of the cold War for
nearly three decades.
**Timeline – 1961 – Berlin
wall constructed**
HOT SPOTS AND PROXY WARS
#3
Fidel Castro led a Communist revolution in
Ciba in 1959. Castro’s close ties with the
Soviet Union worried President Kennedy,
since Cuba is only about 90 miles from
Florida. In 1962 we discovered that the Soviet
Union had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba.
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S.
Navy formed a blockade around Cuba to
prevent Soviet shops from bringing in more
weapons. After the crisis ended, the Soviet
leader agreed to remove the missiles in
exchange for an American promise not to
invade Cuba. Please color Cuba yellow as a
hot spot of the Cold War.
**TIMELINE – 1962 – CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS**
HOT SPOTS AND PROXY WAR
#4
The United States intervenes in
the governments of Bolivia
(1956) and Chile (1973) in order
to prevent a Communist uprising.
However, the dictators supported
by the United States are often not
popular in their country and do
not always treat the people well.
Please color those countries
yellow as cold war hot spots.
**TIMELINE – 1956 – U.S. INTERVENTION IN BOLIVIA, 1973 – US
INTERVENTION IN CHILE
HOT SPOTS AND PROXY WAR
#5
The Soviet Union sends
military equipment and
support to communist
uprisings in the Congo
(1960), Mozambique
(1971), and Angola
(1974). Please color
those countries yellow
as hot spots.
**TIMELINE – 1960 – SOVIET INTERVENTION IN THE
CONGO, 1971 – MOZAMBIQUE, 1974 - ANGOLA
HOT SPOTS AND PROXY WAR
#6
Great Britain came to
the aid of Indonesia
in 1965 in order to
repress a Communist
uprising. Please color
yellow as a cold war
hot spot.
**TIMELINE – 1965 – GREAT BRITAIN AIDS
INDONESIA TO REPRESS COMMUNISM**
HOT SPOTS AND PROXY WAR
#7
The most serious and deadly event of the Cold War
took place in Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia.
President Truman and President Eisenhower both
supported South Vietnam against a Communist
North Vietnam. American leaders feared that if one
country became Communist, nearby countries
would also fall to Communism. This was called the
domino theory. Americans had already watched
Communist victories in China and North Korea.
They did not want Vietnam to be next. American
involvement in the Vietnam War lasted from 1963
to 1973 with thousands of American lives lost.
Vietnam remained Communist. Please color
Vietnam yellow as a major hot spot and proxy war
of the Cold War.
**TIMELINE – 1973 – U.S. CEASEFIRE WITH VIETNAM
AFTER 10 YEAR WAR**
HOT SPOTS AND PROXY WAR
#8
The Soviet war in Afghanistan
lasted over nine years from 1979
to 1989. Part of the Cold War, it
was fought between Soviet – led
Afghan forces against U.S. backed
insurgent groups called the
Mujahedeen. The supplying of
billions of dollars in arms to the
Afghan mujahedeen militants was
one of the CIA's longest and
most expensive secret operations.
Please color Afghanistan yellow
as a Cold War hot spot.
**TIMELINE – 1979 – SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN**
HOT SPOTS AND PROXY WARS
#9
Civil wars raged in several Central
American countries in the 1980s as
communism spread in the area.
President Reagan supported antiCommunist governments in El
Salvador and Guatemala with financial
aid. Critics of this policy charged that
the aid went to military governments
committed major human rights
violations. Please color those two
countries yellow as Cold War hot spots.
**TIMELINE – 1984 – AMERICAN AID TO EL SALVADOR
AND GUATEMALA**
END OF THE COLD WAR
In the Soviet controlled states of Eastern Europe, people demanded
change and more freedom in the 1980s. Prodemocracy movements in
Hungary, Poland, and other nations put increasing pressure on
Communist governments. This pressure produced world changing
results in 1989, as pro-Soviet governments across Eastern Europe began
to fall. In October 1989 massive protests in East Germany led to the
resignation of Communist leader. The new government agreed to open
the borders of East Germany – including the border guarded by the
Berlin wall. At midnight on November 9, a wild celebration broke out as
East and West Berliners jumped onto the Berlin Wall, shouting and
dancing. Some smashed parts of the wall with hammers. The wall, which
had stood as a symbol of the Cold War since 1961, began crumbling to
the ground. Within a year, the two Germanys reunited as one
democratic country. Several Soviet republics soon declared
independence from the Soviet regime. The Soviet Union soon broke
apart, confirming the end of the Cold War.
**TIMELINE – 1989 – BERLIN WALL FALLS, END OF THE COLD WAR**