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The Origins of Rome Italy • • • • Peninsula Shaped like a boot Heel points towards Greece Toe points towards the island of Sicily Mountains of Italy • Alps to the north • Apennines – down center of Italy Italian Terrain • similar to that of Greece • Apennines not as rugged as mountains in Greece • Settlers in Italy were not split into small isolated groups (like Greece) • Italy had better farmland than Greece . • Mountains slopes leveled off to large plains - ideal for growing crops • Italy the capacity to grow more food/feed more people First People to Enter Italy • People trickled over the Alps sometime between 1500 and 1000 B.C. • Attracted to the rich soil and good climate • First settlers to plains of Italy were the Latins (spoke Latin) • Built Rome on the plain of Latium in central Italy Tiber River • Rome is found 15 miles up the Tiber River • A source of water / way to get to the Mediterranean Sea • Far enough from the sea to escape raids from pirates and other enemies of Rome Seven Hills • Rome was built on seven hills • easier to defend the city against attack • hills very steep and attackers would find it difficult to mount a credible attack • Aventinus (Aventine) • Caelius (Caelian) • Capitolium (Capitoline) • Esquiliae (Esquiline) • Palantium (Palantine) • Quirinalis (Quirinal) • Viminalis (Viminal) Legends of Rome Part One • Traditional story of twin brothers - Romulus and Remus - founded Rome • Abandoned as babies near the Tiber River • Rescued by a wolf • Raised by a shepherd • Brothers quarreled over a wall and Romulus killed Remus • Romulus - the first king of Rome (which he named for himself) The Aeneid/Another legend • Epic by Roman poet Virgil • Story of Trojan hero Aeneas • About his adventures after the Trojan War • He lands at mouth of Tiber River • Warfare and marriage to King’s daughter, united Trojans and Latins • Called “Father of the Romans” The Real Story.. • Historians are not sure how Rome began • The Latins lived in the area where eventually was • Banded together for protection • the community became known as Rome. Greek Colonies • Many Greeks lived in southern Italy and Sicily between 750 and 550 B.C. (colonies) Greeks taught Romans: • How to grow olives and grapes • Adopted Greek alphabet • Modeled Greek architecture, sculpture and literature Etruscans • North of Rome was Etruria • This region was inhabited by the Etruscans • After 650 B.C. they moved south and took control of Rome and most of Latium Etruscans change Rome • Taught Romans to wear Togas • Etruscan army served as a model for the Roman army (great pride in military) • Skilled metal workers/slaves did heavy work • Changed Rome from village to a city