Download Exploration Continued

Use YOUR brain
 How many explorers can you list?
 Think even harder- Can you list what they discovered?
 I dare you to name what country they represented!
Warm-up
1.
What would make a person want to voyage out away
from their home to search for new lands (think about
the time period).
SSWH10 The student will analyze the
impact of the age of discovery and
expansion into the Americas, Africa and
Asia.
For Glory, God, Gold
 The three G’s of exploration; Glory
God and Gold
 The desire to grow rich and to spread
Christianity, coupled with advances in
sailing technology, spurred an age of
European exploration.
 Through overseas exploration,
merchants and traders hoped
ultimately to benefit from what had
become a profitable business in
Europe: the trade of spices and other
luxury goods from Asia.
Pocahontas video
Improved Technology
 The main problem was that European
ships could not sail against the wind.
 The Caravel
 Triangular Sails
 Astrolabe-was a brass circle with
carefully adjusted rings marked off in
degrees. Using the rings to sight the
stars, a sea captain could calculate
latitude, or how far north or south of the
equator the ship was. This was invented
by the Muslims.
 Compass
 Chinese invention
China
Ming Dynasty
-Rules for nearly 300 yrs
-Brought peace and
stability to China
Zheng He
1405-1433
-The purpose of his
voyages was to
impress the world
with the power and
splendor of Ming
China, they also
wanted to expand
China’s tribute
system.
-Southeast Asia
-India
-Africa
Portugal leads the way in Europe
 The leader in developing and applying these
sailing innovations was Portugal.
 Portugal took the lead in overseas exploration in
part due to strong government support.
 The first to explore the east in the Indian Ocean
 They eventually travel south and explore the
western side of Africa.
 Gold
 Ivory
 Slaves
In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue
 Determined to find a sea route to India by sailing west
 In October Columbus landed in the Caribbean, he
thought it was the East indies
 This is going to start conflicts between Portugal and
Spain
 Columbus Day video
In Early 1493 Columbus returned back to Spain. The monarchs
agreed to fund 3 more voyages to the America.
He journeyed no longer as an explorer but now as an empire
builder.
Columbian exchange – gifts exchanged by the
Old World and the New World.
 Europe gets
 Tomatoes
 Corn
 Potatoes
 Squash
 Chocolate
 Tobacco
• America gets
–
–
–
–
Slavery
Smallpox
Conquest
Horses
Vasco
de
Gama
 Portuguese explorer
 Began exploring the east African coast
 1498 reached the port of Calicut in SW India
 Da Gama and his crew were amazed by the
spices, rare silks, and precious gems that
filled Calicut’s (in India) shops.
 Their cargo was worth 60 times more than the cost
of their voyage
 First to find a direct sea route to India from
Europe (around the southern tip of Africa)
Ferdinand Magellan
 In 1519 Magellan led the
boldest voyage yet
 Originally had just wanted
to check out the pacific
ocean
 Had 270 men and 5 ships
 He and his men were the
first people to
circumnavigate, or sail
around the world.
James Cook
1769-1770
 British Explorer
 First European contact
with the Australian
coastline
 First to circumnavigate
New Zealand
 Superior cartographer
and navigator
•Charts maps of the Pacific
•Discovers Hawaii, refers to
them as the Sandwich islands
Samuel de Champlain
1608
•He sails for France
•Quebec is the first
French settlement in
the Americas. It is in
Canada.
•Sent Jesuit
missionaries to convert
people to Christianity
•Traded with the
natives blankets, furs
and wine for animal
skins
•He established the fur
trade
Founded Quebec
Spanish invasions!
 Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors. Given the right by
Spain to hunt for treasure.
 keep 1/5 of all treasure found.
Conquer or die!
Cortes lands in Mexico. Burns his
ships.
Befriends native tribes.
Met by emissaries of the Aztecs.
Cortes asks if they have any gold.
They say lots.
“Bring it to us, for I and my companions
suffer from a disease of the heart that can
only be cured by gold.”
What treasures be there?
 El Dorado: legendary 7 cities
of gold in the Americas.
Hernando Cortes – Spanish
conquistador who landed in Mexico
in 1519 C.E. Has an army of 500
men, 16 horses and 14 cannon.
Francisco Pizarro
 Conquered the Incan
Empire
 They captured the Incan
King. The king offered to
fill a room once with gold
and twice with silver for his
release.
 They take him up on his
ransom- but then kill him
as soon as he gives them all
the gold and silver
Mercantilism
Became a national policy
Definition: states power depended on it’s
wealth
1. Gold & Silver = wealth of nation (bullion)

Remember before land=power, then $=power, now gold=
power
2. Export more than it imports – balance of trade
3. Colonies – both the sources of raw materials as well as
vital markets for finished goods
Positives
Negatives
 “Mother-countries” were self
 Spain and Portugal will go
sufficient
 There was a mass exchange of
goods and raw materials
 Nations were prospering and
in turn building colonial
empires and expanding to
new territories
 Introduction to new products
from all over the world
into decline because they did
not build extensive
manufacturing industries
within their countries
 Tariffs and Taxes
 The “mother-countries” are
seeing all the wealth, not the
colonies; they don’t treat
colonies fairly
Atlantic slave trade
Triangle Trade
 Ships sailed the legs of a
triangle formed by Europe,
Africa and the Americas.
 Leaving from Europe:
Knives, swords, guns, cloth
and rum
 Leaving from Africa: slaves
 Sold for money that was
used to buy sugar,
molasses, cotton, and
tobacco