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Chapter 11 The Ancient Greeks Grade 6 Social Studies Geography of Greece Was located on the Peloponnesus Peninsula and small islands of the Aegean Sea Climate: mild winters, hot summers. Mountains & Water kept regions isolated from each other, that is why there were many individual city-states Due to closeness of sea, Greeks traveled and others traveled to Greece Minoans Lived on island of Crete Developed writing & fine art work Sailors & builders Traded with Egypt, Phoenica & Mesopotamia Used advanced building techniques:eg: underground plumbing Mycenaean Culture Built large fleets of ships, traded & learned from the Minoans Known for their power and strength Conquered Minoans approx. 1450 bc. 1100’s BC culture began to fade Dark Ages Mycenaean culture began to decline History of Greece was kept alive by oral tradition Lasted approx 300 years Homer wrote the “Odyssey” during this time Isolated cities developed into “city-states”, independent , selfgoverning units. Began to grow and rival each other for power. Forms of Government Forms of Government Oligarchy Tyranny Monarchy Democracy Government is controlled by a few people who hold power over a larger group Government is controlled by a person who has seized power by force Government is controlled by King and Queen Government is controlled by the people Athenian Democracy Democracy had: Assembly that voted on laws Council that proposed new laws Court of law that decided guilt or innocence Unpopular with wealthy citizens because power given to poor Participation in democracy was open to citizens of Athens Government projects were paid for by contributions from the wealthy citizens Athenians & Spartans Athenians Participation in government and personal freedom Boys were educated, girls & women ignored Spartans Order, stability & leadership by government officials Physical education given to both boys & girls Boys received more cultural training Simple lifestyle, luxury goods forbidden by government Strict discipline to make good soldiers Ancient Greek Beliefs Greeks were polytheistic Honored the god Apollo at Delphi sanctuary Oracle – person who makes predictions about the future Zeus – father of all gods Greek gods were honored by: Sacrifices Competitions Festivals and games Prayers and asking Built sanctuaries Greek Culture Drama/festivals held 2x’s a year to honor god of wine, Dionysus Antigone –famous Greek tragedy written by Sophocles Comedy – funny story Tragedy –sad story where the hero fails Poseidon –god of sea Apollo – god of light, health, prophecy & herding Hera – goddess of marriage Ares – god of war Demeter – goddess of grain & harvest