* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download VERBS * Unit 3 6th Grade
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic weak verb wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic strong verb wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish verbs wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sotho verbs wikipedia , lookup
Kagoshima verb conjugations wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
By: Angélica Guerra, MS Greater Miami Adventist Academy LESSON COLLATED WITH Houghton Mifflin – English 8 The main word in the predicate / The simple predicate The are TWO major kinds of verbs: ACTION BEING / LINKING ACTION VERBS - 1 What the subject does, has, or feels: I cook dinner. - Ann owns a mac computer. -Lucy hates Brussel sprouts! Action can be: PHYSICAL: can be seen (I eat soup.) MENTAL or EMOTIONAL: cannot be seen (I want a dog. / The boy studies his lesson.) BEING VERBS & LINKING VERBS BEING VERBS Show what the subject is or is like. Ana seems tired. The janitor was tired. See and memorize: common Being Verbs on page 100 A BEING verb is often a LINKING verb – It links the subject to a word in the predicate. The word it is linked to is either: Predicate Noun My mom is a doctor. Predicate Adjective My mom is tired. Some verbs can be either linking verbs or action verbs: LINKING The pilot looks young. Lucy smelled sweaty. ACTION The boy looks at the dog. I smelled the rose. Tell if the verb is ACTION or LINKING: • • • • • The new girl has become my friend. The project appears copied. The teacher tasted the soup. It tasted too salty. Jan feels the surface of the table. MAIN VERBS & HELPING VERBS - 2 VERB PHRASE: A verb that is made up of more than ONE word VERB PHRASE is made up of: MAIN VERB – the verb that expresses the action or state of being HELPING VERB – one or more verbs that work with the main verb and don’t show any action or being EX: Bill has eaten his dinner. / I would have gone home! Memorize list of Common Helping Verbs on p. 115! MAIN VERBS & HELPING VERBS continuation… Some verbs can be a MAIN VERB in one sentence and a HELPING VERB in another: MAIN VB.= I did my work yesterday. HELPING VB. = I did see you at the mall. Some time the verb parts may be separated by interrupting words: May I go with you? / Should we eat now? The sun may not come out today. SIMPLE VERB TENSES - 3 Tense identifies WHEN the action or state of being takes place. PRESENT: Is happening now rd person singular – add –s Remember: 3 He sings a song. Steve laughs. Maria smells the rose. PAST: Already happened FUTURE: Is going to happen Base form: ex. Present Past: Past JUMP participle: (IS) JUMPING JUMPED participle: (HAS) JUMPED PERFECT TENSES - 3 PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT Action that took Action in the past place at an that was completed indefinite time in before another the past; it may action took place still be going on Action that will be completed before another action in the future Lucy has studied her Lucy had finished learning times tables for 3 years. the 8-table before she entered 4th grade. Lucy will have memorized all the times tables up to 12 before the end of the NOW PRACTICE WRITING SENTENCES WITH THESE PERFECT TENSE VERBS: PAST PERF. • arrange • eat • glue PRESENT PERF. • harvest • organize • laugh FUTURE PER. • train • masticate • wrestle These are the 3 most frequently used verbs in the English language. They can be used as main verbs or as helping verbs. Memorize the rules for forming their tenses – see p. 110. NUMBER 1st singular PERSON I PAST was PRESENT am FUTURE will be 2nd singular YOU were are will be 3rd singular HE / SHE / IT was is will be 1st plural WE were are will be 2nd plural YOU were are will be 3rd plural THEY were are will be Lessons See 5&6 book – pp. 125 & 129. PROGRESSIVE FORMS The verb shows the action is continuing. Helping Main verb verb SIMPLE PROGRESSIVE TENSES PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES ending in –ING PAST PROGRESSIVE was/were walking PRESENT PROGRESSIVE am/is/are walking FUTURE PROGRESSIVE will be walking had been walking has/have been walking will have been walking PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE Hug Sleep Play Rest TRANSITIVE VB.= A verb that SENDS its action to a noun or pronoun DIRECT OBJECT = The noun or pronoun that RECEIVES the action The teacher writes a letter. INTRANSITIVE VB.= A verb that DOESN’T send its action anywhere (no Direct Object) The teacher writes. LINKING VERBS ARE ALWAYS INTRANSITIVE BECAUSE THEY DO NOT EXPRESS ACTION. The Christian Warriors are the winners of the tournament. They looked tired after their victory. Boudreaux and Thibodeaux A noun or pronoun that tells WHO or WHAT receives the action of the verb. A dragonfly has four fragile wings. D.O. may be a noun or pronoun. The little boy took the dragonfly. The little boy took it. D.O. may be compound (more than 1) Dragonflies like bananas and flowers. Tell if the sentence is Transitive OR transitive; if transitive, identify the D.O. My beagle barks a lot. She eats apples and potato peals. She sleeps all day long. I made breakfast for her. I took her and my friend Raquel to the park. DIRECT OBJECT Use with Action Verbs Most verbs express ACTION. If that action is directed toward another word, the verb is TRANSITIVE. Direct Object: The word toward which the action goes. Questions to ask: What? / Whom? The car needs gasoline and new tires. Needs what? My friend visits my family and me. Visits whom? Intransitive Verb: Does not have an Object Some verbs are ALWAYS Intransitive The bird flew away. - Flew where? The team played well. - Played how? We will finish tomorrow. - Finish when? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transitive OR Intransitive? Please get your book. The book closed noisily. Indirect Object: tells to whom, for whom, to what, or for what the action of the verb is done. It ALWAYS comes between the verb and the Direct Object. It’s a NOUN or a PRONOUN. Which sentences have IO? The slithery python gave the trainer a surprise. Hanna baked her sister a cake. My pastor delivered a great sermon for us. The athlete threw the referee his helmet. Dwayne Wade gave the trophy to me. LINKING VERBS cannot have objects. A Linking Verb CONNECTS the subject with a word in the predicate that describes or renames the subject. If the words renames: Predicate Noun Mules resemble stubby horses. If the word describes: Predicate Adjective The story sounds marvelous. ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICES - 11 ACTIVE VOICE: Most sentences are like this. The subject DOES the action. Electric trains. motors run high-speed PASSIVE VOICE: The subject RECEIVES the action. High-speed trains are run by electric motors. 1. Sentence has to be transitive (have DO) 2. To turn to passive, use the correct tense of the verb BE and change the main verb to its past participle. 3. (A) Magnets in the motor create a force. (P) A force is created by magnets in the motor. The D.O. becomes the SUBJECT! Sometimes the performer of the action DOES NOT appear in the Passive Voice. The original model has been perfected. Dr. Sato developed a cool train. Dr. Sato travels by train often. He loves his wife and daughter. A kangaroo mother nurses her joey inside a pouch she has. An unusual animal was found in the eighteenth century by Captain James Cook. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT 12 A verb and its subject MUST agree in number Singular verb = singular subject An ant crawls. Plural verb = plural subject Three ant crawl. The verb BE doesn’t follow the usual rules. Check chart on page 110 If you use AND to join the parts of a compound subject, USE A PLURAL VERB. Shrews, moles, and toads eat insects. A mole and a toad were in my garden last night. More Subject-Verb Agreement – 12 (Agreement with Compound Subject) When joining subject with words such as OR, EITHER…OR, or NEITHER…NOR, the verb may be singular or plural. Plural verb: if both subjects are plural. The dogs and cats were both eating. Singular verb: if both subjects are singular. Neither Jim nor Steve is here. Continuation… (lesson 12) Verb Agrees with the SUBJECT CLOSEST: When ONE subject is singular and ONE is plural. Either the twins or Marc is singing today. Either Marc or the twins are singing today. ****Choose the correct verb:**** Ana or my parents ______ taking me to church. Neither the eighth graders nor Mrs. Guerra ____ here. LESSON 13: Titles, Names, and Nouns Ending with “S” A title takes a singular verb form: The United States IS more than 200 years old. Certain nouns ending with S always take a singular verb: The news was encouraging today. Other nouns ending with S always take a plural verb: These scissors cut well. In most sentences the SUBJECT appears at the beginning. When ALL or PART of the predicate appear at the beginning, the sentence is INVERTED. To identify the subject: First find the verb. Then ask WHO or WHAT is doing the action. In the bedroom is my bed. What is in the bedroom? MY BED Continuation… (lesson 14) INVERTED SENTENCE – The subject IS NOT at the beginning. When a sentence begins with HERE or THERE, the verb MUST also agree with the subject. To find the subject, ask: WHO or WHAT IS HERE? Here is the book. (What is here?) There are my friends! (Who are there?) INTERRUPTED ORDER: This is when 1 or more words come between the subject and the verb. Identify the subject carefully, and make the verb agree with it. Often exhibits on only one subject fill an entire museum. CONTRACTIONS Sometimes the verb is shortened in the cont. Notice that the apostrophe goes where the letter is missing: We are = we’re I am – I’m Often a verb and NOT are combined. NOT is not part of the verb! Ana isn’t coming today. / Ana is not coming today.