Download The American Civil War 1860 – 1865

Unit 5: The Civil War and
Reconstruction (1850-1877)
The Civil War (1861 – 1865)
Daily Learning Targets
• I can identify and analyze the
technological, social, and strategic aspects
of the Civil War.
• I can analyze the influence of President
Lincoln’s philosophy of union on the
course of the Civil War.
Exit Slip: The Union in Crisis
1. A strong fugitive slave law and California’s admission to the Union as a free state
were all part of the
a. Missouri Compromise.
b. Compromise of 1850.
c. Wilmot Proviso.
d. Wade-Davis Bill.
2. Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) convinced many Northerners that
a. slaves lived better than factory workers.
b. slavery was a necessary evil.
c. slavery was cruel and morally wrong.
d. slaves were generally happy in bondage.
3. “Bleeding Kansas” earned its nickname from clashes over
a. the Gadsden Purchase.
c. slavery.
b. religious differences.
d. land ownership.
4. Why was abolitionist John Brown executed in 1859?
a. for attempting to seize an arsenal at Harper’s Ferry and start a slave rebellion
b. for killing hundreds of Native Americans on a western reservation
c. for beating Senator Charles Sumner with a cane
d. for causing violence and bloodshed in the Kansas territory
Secession!
South Carolina is first to leave on Dec. 20,
1860. Six others follow to CSA by 1861.
Eventually 11 total in CSA.
Lincoln Takes Office
• March 4, 1861 – Republican
President Lincoln took a firm,
but kind & conciliatory tone
toward the South.
• He didn’t want to bother
slavery where it was, but he did
want to stop it from spreading
into the Western territories.
• He pledged to preserve the
Union - #1 Goal!
Southern War Strategy
• After Confederate forces attacked &
captured Fort Sumter in Charleston,
SC (April 12, 1861) 4 more states
joined the CSA.
• President Lincoln declared that war
would be necessary to achieve his #1
goal! So he decided to resupply Fort
Sumter.
• The CSA Generals and President
Jefferson Davis planned a defensive
war as they just had to outlast the
Union not conquer the North.
• CSA hoped Great Britain and/or
France would help and had superior
military leadership.
Northern War Strategy
• The Union developed a
strategy called the
Anaconda Plan. They
hoped to:
1. Use strong Navy to
Blockade all Southern
Ports
2. Control the Mississippi
River and divide the
CSA in two
3. Capture and occupy the
Confederate capital of
Richmond, VA
Stalemate: From Bull Run to Antietam
• July 21, 1861 – “Stonewall” Jackson rallies
CSA at Bull Run, VA – a CSA victory. Both
sides realized it would be a long war.
• CSA General R.E. Lee, America’s greatest
general, achieved a draw at the Battle of
Antietam, MD. 25,000 died on Sept. 17, 1862
making it the bloodiest day of the war.
• The CSA won a string of stunning and
impressive victories against the superior
Union army & Lincoln spent the first years
looking for leadership.
• In spite of Union victories at Shiloh, TN,
Perryville, KY, New Orleans, LA, and the
lower Mississippi Valley, at the end of 1862, a
stalemate existed in the East.
The Emancipation Proclamation
• Issued in the Fall 1862 and
effective Jan. 1, 1863
• Freed all slaves in areas of the
U.S. still under CSA control
• Although it was criticized by
some, it meant the war would end
slavery if Union indeed won.
• Lincoln changed his wartime
strategy.
• Eventually 180,000 African
Americans would serve in the
Union Army.
The Impact of the War in the North and South
• Mines, factories, railroad, and weapons production soared.
• The government encouraged Western settlement for soldiers who
would give two years of service in return for land. This boosted food
production.
• New York Draft Riots (1863) and similar protests occurred in the
North in opposition to compulsive military service for men 20-45.
Free blacks and wealthy whites were targeted. Why?
• Lincoln suspended the Constitutional right of Habeas Corpus that
protects persons from imprisonment without the filing of specific
charges and many arrested for suspected disloyalty.
• In the South, property was devastated and the economy was wrecked
by inflation – price increases due to concern about the value of
Confederate money.
1863: The Turning Point
• July 1-3, 1863 – Lee leads his Army
of N.VA North to PA and the
greatest battle of the war begins.
• 23,000 Union and 28,000 CSA
casualties at Gettysburg, PA. Lee’s
only major mistake of the war was
Picket’s Charge on Day 3.
• Lee would never invade Union
again!
• July 4, 1863 – General Ulysses S.
Grant, the Unions most successful
commander, captures Vicksburg on
Mississippi River.
• By early 1864 Grant is chosen by
Lincoln to take command of the
Union Army.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
and Total War
• Sept. 2, 1864 – Gen. Sherman
captures Atlanta, GA
• Marches to Savannah, GA and
orders a 300 mile-long and 50
mile-wide swath of destruction
designed to end the CSA’s will
& ability to fight.
• Turns north through Carolinas
in Dec. 1864 to meet Grant &
end war
• Civilians and slaves suffer
immensely; it was controversial.
The Election of 1864
• The capture of Atlanta and
“Bayonet Voters” aid
Lincoln’s re-election hopes.
• He was opposed by Democrat
and ex-General George
McClellan – a peace
candidate who wanted to end
the war
• Lincoln and Andrew Johnson
(VP and Democrat) form the
Union Party and win 212/233
electoral votes
Lee Surrenders to Grant! April 9, 1865
• Richmond, the CSA capital,
was in ruins, Sherman
wasted Georgia and the
Carolinas, & Lee’s army
was desperate & worn
down.
• President Davis and officials
fled from Grant & later
captured
• Lee was humble and Grant
was very generous at
Appomattox, VA
• 640,047 Union and 483,026
CSA casualties of war;
America’s bloodiest war in
history.
Exit Slip – The Civil War Begins
1. Which side planned a defensive war?
a. Union b. Confederacy c. Mexico
2. At the end of 1862 __________.
a. the Union was winning
b. the Confederacy was winning
c. both sides were locked in a stalemate
3. This act by President Lincoln freed all slaves in states
of the Confederacy not under Union rule?
a. Emancipation Proclamation b. 3/5 Compromise
c. 13th Amendment d. Homestead Act
Exit Slip – The Civil War
1.
Who was the commander of all Confederate
forces after 1862?
a. Longstreet b. Bragg c. Lee
2. This battle of July 1863 was turning point of
the Civil War?
a. Antietam b. Gettysburg c. Chickamauga
3. This city was totally destroyed during
Sherman’s March?
a. Atlanta b. Savannah c. Charleston
4. Which side won the Civil War?
a. Union b. Confederacy c. It was a draw