Download CPUSH (Unit 6, #2)

CPUSH (Unit 6, #2)
Name ___________________________
The Civil War: 1861—1865
I. The Civil War
A. The Start of the Civil War, 1861
1. When Lincoln was elected in 1860, 7 Southern states __________________________ from the Union and formed
the __________________________________________ of America
2. The Civil War began when _______________________________________ was fired upon by Confederate soldiers
3. 4 more Southern states seceded in 1861 when Lincoln called for military volunteers to “_____________________”
B. Strategies and Advantages
1. The Union strategy during the war was called the _____________________ Plan:
a. __________________ the coast, seize the Mississippi River to _______________ the South, and take Richmond
b. Exploit South’s dependency on foreign trade and its inability to _______________________________ weapons
c. Relied on Northern advantages in ________________________, _____________________, and military
2. The Confederate strategy during the war was an ____________________________________________________:
a. Protect Southern territory from “Northern aggression” but _______________________ into Union territory
when the opportunity presents itself
b. Get _____________ and _____________ to join their cause because of European dependency on “King Cotton”
c. ______________________ the war as long as possible to make the North quit
C. Political Leadership During the Civil War
1. During the Civil War, President Lincoln used “______________________________” to protect “national security”:
a. Suspended _____________________________________ (Laws requiring evidence before citizens can be jailed)
b. Closed down ___________________________ that did not support the war
2. During the Civil War, President _______________________________________ had a difficult time:
a. The CSA Constitution protected _____________________________________ so state governors could refuse to
send him money or troops
b. CSA _______________________ inflated by 7,000%
3. The national government in the USA and CSA relied on _____________________________ armies in the
beginning, but soon needed _______________________________ (draft) to supply their armies with troops
II. Fighting the Civil War: 1861-1863
A. From 1861 to mid-1863, the Confederate army was ____________________ the Civil War:
1. Defensive strategy carried out by superior Southern generals like __________________ and __________________
2. ___________________________ among military and political leaders in the North
B. Battles:
1. ___________________________ (Manassas), 1861: The 1st battle of the Civil War; Stonewall Jackson kept the
Union army from taking the CSA capital at Richmond. Inexperienced troops from both sides led to a victory for
the Confederate Army.
2. From 1861-1862, the CSA had success in the _______________, but the USA had success in the _______________
Union fleet commander David Farragut captured New Orleans easily.
3. Antietam, 1862
a. Antietam, 1862: General Lee’s 1st attempt to invade ____________________ the CSA was halted by McClellan
(i) McClellan failed to pursue Lee after the battle was over. Lincoln later fired McClellan
b. Even though the Battle of ________________________ ended without a clear winner, it had important effects
on the North:
(i) The battle convinced Britain and France not to __________________ the Confederacy in the war
(ii) The battle convinced Lincoln that the time was right to make the ___________________________ of slaves
the new focus of the war for the North
4. After Antietam, Lincoln issued the _______________________________________:
a. This executive order freed all slaves in __________________________________ territories
b. It did not free slaves in the ______________________________ but it gave the North a new reason fight
c. Inspired Southern slaves to ______________________ which forced Southern whites to worry about their farms
d. In the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln addressed the ________________ of African Americans in the United
States armed forces.
e. African Americans were placed in __________________ units of the US military.
5. After Antietam, the Confederates continued to ____________ in the East
a. Chancellorsville, 1863 The Confederates won, but ________________________ was killed;
C. Conclusions: 1861-1863
1. Despite being __________________________ and under-equipped, the CSA dominated the fighting in the East
from 1861-1863 due to better generals and a ______________________ strategy
2. By mid-1863, the weight of the Northern ____________________________ and industrial capacity will begin to
turn the tide of the war in favor of the Union
3. But, the Union Army was having success in the West under the leadership of _______________________________
III. Fighting the Civil War: 1863-1865
A. When the Civil War began, most expected the fighting to end _______________, but the war lasted until 1865 due to:
1. The commitment of the Union and Confederacy to “________________________”
2. Excellent Southern generals like Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson
3. Improved, industrial weaponry; New weapons but old _________________:
a. Long-range artillery and the Gatling gun (1st ______________________ gun)
b. Cone-shaped bullets and grooved barrel rifles for more ______________________
c. _______________________ naval ships like the USS Monitor and CSS Virginia
d. Old tactics such as massed formations and frontal assaults; Led to huge _______________________ rates
e. ______________________, a nurse, helped supply the Union Army with wagons of aid supplies.
B. Andersonville Prison; _________________
B. The Tide of the War Turns in 1863
1. By 1863, the Confederacy was having difficulty _______________________________ the fight:
a. Attempts to lure Britain and France into the war had _____________________
b. The Union blockade, limited Southern manufacturing, and lack of grain fields left CSA soldiers ______________
c. To pay for the war, the CSA _____________________ money leading to massive inflation
2. Gettysburg, 1863:
a. In July, Robert E Lee decided to take advantage of his victory at Chancellorsville and attack _________________
soil to end the war quickly by crushing Union ________________
b. Gettysburg proved to be the ______________________________ of the war; Lee was halted, the CSA never
again attacked ____________________ soil, and the Union army began ______________________ the war
3. _________________________, 1863: Grant cut off Southern access to Mississippi River and __________________
the South into two halves; Grant was then promoted to lead the entire Union army
4. Gettysburg Address
C. Fighting the Civil War: 1863-1865
1. Under Grant’s leadership, the Union army was more _________ and committed to destroy the South’s will to fight:
a. Grant appointed William T. _______________________ to lead Southern campaign
b. Sherman destroyed everything of value to the South and emancipated slaves during his “__________________”
c. Sherman considered “total war” ___________________________ to defeat the South
d. The Battle of ______________________ was a huge victory for the Union because it took out a major Southern
___________________ terminus
2. The election of 1864:
a. Lincoln faced a tough ________________________ campaign against George McClellan
b. The North’s war _________________________ were the key election issue
c. When Atlanta fell during Sherman’s “March to the Sea,” Lincoln was overwhelmingly reelected
d. In his 2nd inaugural address, Lincoln promised a Reconstruction Plan for the Union with “__________________
towards none and ______________________ for all”
3. Appomattox, 1865: Grant defeated Lee at ________________________________ ending the Civil War
4. From 1863-1865, the lack of Southern resources and _____________________ as well as the Northern advances
into the South led to the end of the Civil War
5. Northern celebration was short lived; On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was shot by ______________________________
D. Effects of the Civil War:
1. __________________________ troops were dead; More than any other U.S. war
2. The ____________ Amendment was ratified in 1865 ending slavery
3. The war forever ended the ___________________________ argument
4. The South was destroyed; A _______________ was needed to admit Southern states back into the Union